论商业预付卡的风险防范及制度对策

发布时间：2018-01-22 11:12

本文关键词： 预付卡格式合同条款反洗钱　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，预付式消费走进了大众的日常生活，名目繁多、用途广泛的预付卡遍布于各行各业，对人们的消费习惯产生了巨大的影响。目前活跃在市场上的预付卡大体有两类：一类是以联华ok卡、斯玛特卡为代表的可以在众多特约商户中使用的多用途预付卡；一类是以超市卡、美容卡、健身卡为代表的只能在发卡企业内使用的单用途预付卡。这两类预付卡参与的主体众多、发行量很大，起到了类似于银行的清算组织的作用，但是，由于没有专门的法规对预付卡进行监管，预付卡在发行、使用、资金存管等方面都积累了大量的风险，比如侵害消费者合法权益、挪用沉淀资金。另一方面，我国多年来对预付卡的规制历程表明，，对预付卡的现实需求决定预付卡的监管政策“堵”不如“疏”。因此，本文旨在分析预付卡的法律风险，并提出针对性的监管对策来化解风险，引导预付卡市场健康发展。本文的第一部分是预付卡的概述，分析了预付卡的界定、特征及法律关系，提出了对多用途预付卡与单用途预付卡分别探讨的原因和思路。然后本文探讨了预付卡的发展历程，从国外预付卡的发展历程入手，对比探讨我国对预付卡由“堵”到“疏”的变化，分析其背后的原因及监管的意义。第二部分是预付卡的法律风险，大体可分为预付卡的消费使用风险、发行与受理风险两大类。消费使用风险集中在商户的欺诈问题、不公平格式合同条款问题、侵犯消费者选择权及公平交易权问题、侵犯消费者隐私权问题，本文对每一类进行了法理分析并指出事后救济的途径。预付卡的发行与受理风险主要有沉淀资金挪用的风险、洗钱套现风险、滋生腐败风险、税收管理风险，本文分析了各个风险的成因及后果，为有力的监管措施的实施找到切入点。第三部分是预付卡的监管对策。针对预付卡消费使用风险，本文提出了推出示范性合同文本、设立“黑名单”制度、明确消费者保护协会职责等监管对策；针对预付卡发行与受理风险，本文先统一分析购卡实名制、非现金购卡制度等对策，再根据多用途预付卡与单用途预付卡的区别，分别探讨了发卡人资质、资金存管、反洗钱义务、税务管理等方面的监管对策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, prepaid consumption into the daily life of the public, a wide range of prepaid cards in a wide range of industries. At present there are two kinds of prepaid cards active in the market: one is the United China ok card. A multipurpose prepaid card that can be used in many special businesses as represented by Smatka; One is the supermarket card, beauty card, fitness card as a representative can only be used in the card business single purpose prepaid card. These two types of prepaid cards involved in the main body, the circulation is very large. Has played a similar role to the bank liquidation organization, but, because there are no special regulations to regulate the prepaid card, prepaid card in the issue, use, fund management and other aspects of the accumulation of a large number of risks. For example, encroaching on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, misappropriating precipitation funds. On the other hand, the regulation of prepaid cards in China over the years shows. The actual demand of prepaid card decides that the supervision policy of prepaid card is not as good as "blocking". Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the legal risk of prepaid card and put forward some countermeasures to resolve the risk. Guide the healthy development of prepaid card market. The first part of this paper is an overview of prepaid cards, analysis of the definition of prepaid cards, characteristics and legal relations. This paper puts forward the reasons and ideas of discussing multi-purpose prepaid card and single-use prepaid card separately. Then this paper discusses the development course of prepaid card and starts with the development course of foreign prepaid card. This paper discusses the change of prepaid card from "blocking" to "sparse", analyzes the reasons behind it and the significance of supervision. The second part is the legal risk of prepaid card, which can be divided into two categories: the consumption risk of prepaid card, the risk of issuing and accepting the risk. The risk of consumption and use is concentrated in the fraud of merchant. Unfair format contract terms, infringement of consumers' right to choose and fair trade, infringement of consumers' privacy rights. This paper makes a legal analysis of each kind and points out the ways of ex post relief. The risk of issuing and accepting prepaid cards mainly includes the risk of settling the misappropriation of funds, the risk of money laundering, the risk of corruption and the risk of tax administration. This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of various risks, and finds a starting point for the implementation of effective regulatory measures. The third part is the supervision countermeasure of prepaid card. Aiming at the risk of prepaid card consumption, this paper puts forward some supervision countermeasures, such as setting up model contract text, setting up "blacklist" system and clarifying the responsibility of consumer protection association. In view of the risk of issuing and accepting prepaid cards, this paper first analyzes the real name system of purchase cards, non-cash purchase card system and other countermeasures, and then according to the differences between multi-purpose prepaid cards and single-use prepaid cards, discusses the qualifications of the issuers respectively. Management of funds, anti-money laundering obligations, tax management and other aspects of regulatory countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.2

【引证文献】