中国农村合作金融发展模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 09:40

本文关键词： 合作金融农村金融信用社发展模式　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：要改善我国农村经济严重落后于城市的二元经济结构现状,发展符合农村经济特征的农村金融服务体系是当务之急。长期以来在我国农村地区的主要金融机构是作为合作金融组织的农村信用社,当前农村信用社商业化的改革和新型农村金融机构的增设是否可以为我们农村经济的发展提供优质的金融服务尚存在不确定性。合作金融组织以其独特的产权结构特征在多国的农村金融领域都发挥着主导性的重要作用,但是不同的国家形成了不同的具体发展模式,如德国的金字塔模式、法国的半官半民模式、美国的多元复合模式等。中国是否可以发展合作金融,应该发展何种模式的合作金融?这需要深入分析我国农村地区的经济社会条件,在总结过去历史经验教训的基础上,进行科学的制度设计。多方面的有力证据支持中国需要而且可以发展合作金融：从理论上讲合作金融组织的根本目的在于为成员融资服务而不是盈利,从而避免商业组织下引起的农村信贷不足；合作金融组织的本地性和合作性质还使其能有效克服信息不对称问题而对商业银行具有信贷优势；从实践来看各国合作金融组织都有成功的运作历史；现有的以增设新型农村金融机构的改革尚存在诸多问题,现有的农村信用社仍是农村融资的最主要渠道,自发的合作金融组织资金互助社表现出为农村服务的优势性。本文的创新之处在于通过对国内外已有的合作金融的研究成果的总结梳理的文献证明的方法,来探索中国农村合作金融的发展模式。通过文献得出如下有益的基本认识：一是合作金融不是普通的金融机构,不能以利润最大化目标来衡量,合作金融组织需要围绕成员利益服务；二是合作金融机构的规模对效率有显著地影响,需要在层级结构的设计中考虑规模经济问题；三是合作金融组织在农村市场具有明显的信息优势,是克服信贷市场信息问题的有效组织形式;四是我国信用社过去经营的问题主要在于治理问题,而不是产权问题本身,需要通过先进管理、引进先进技术来提高效率。本文的另一创新在于深入分析我国农村金融市场的供需状况,将合作金融发展模式的探索建立在事实的基础之上。我国农村合作金融的发展肩负为农村社会实现资金互助融通、优化农村资源配置、服务经济发展、帮助弱势群体的使命。本文的对策创新是在眼前我国农村金融体制全面改革深入的背景下,对全面商业银行化的思路提出质疑,并提出发展农村合作金融的新框架模式。目前急需合作金融的立法以创造良好的制度环境,一方面需要鼓励自发的农村合作金融资金互助社等的发展,另一方面还需重视原有的信用社的改造,将外生金融和内生金融通过适当的模式统一起来,构成农村金融的良性发展模式。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the current situation of our country's rural economy, which lags behind the dual economic structure of the city seriously, It is urgent to develop the rural financial service system which accords with the characteristics of rural economy. For a long time, the main financial institution in rural areas of China is the rural credit cooperative as a cooperative financial organization. Whether the reform of commercialization of rural credit cooperatives and the establishment of new rural financial institutions can provide high-quality financial services for the development of our rural economy are still uncertain. Cooperative financial organizations have their unique property rights. Structural characteristics play a leading and important role in the field of rural finance in many countries. However, different countries have formed different specific development models, such as Germany's pyramid model, France's semi-official and semi-civilian model, the United States' pluralistic composite model, and so on. Can China develop cooperative finance? What model of cooperative finance should be developed? This requires an in-depth analysis of the economic and social conditions in rural areas of our country, and on the basis of summing up past historical experiences and lessons, Scientific institutional design. There is strong evidence in many ways that China needs and can develop cooperative finance: in theory, the fundamental purpose of cooperative financial organizations is to finance services for its members rather than to make money. In order to avoid the shortage of rural credit caused by commercial organizations, the local and cooperative nature of cooperative financial organizations can effectively overcome the problem of information asymmetry and have credit advantages for commercial banks. From the practical point of view, the cooperative financial organizations of all countries have a successful history of operation, and there are still many problems existing in the reform of the establishment of new rural financial institutions, and the existing rural credit cooperatives are still the most important channels for rural financing. The spontaneous cooperative financial organization fund mutual aid society displays the superiority for the countryside service. The innovation of this paper lies in the method of literature proving by summarizing and combing the existing research results of cooperative finance at home and abroad. To explore the development model of rural cooperative finance in China. The main conclusions are as follows: first, cooperative finance is not an ordinary financial institution, and can not be measured by the goal of maximizing profits. Cooperative financial organizations need to serve the interests of their members, second, the scale of cooperative financial institutions has a significant impact on efficiency, and economies of scale need to be considered in the design of hierarchical structures. Third, cooperative financial organizations have obvious information advantages in the rural market, which is an effective form of organization to overcome the information problems in the credit market; fourth, the problems in the past management of credit cooperatives in our country mainly lie in governance issues, not in property rights themselves. It is necessary to improve efficiency through advanced management and introduction of advanced technology. Another innovation of this paper lies in the in-depth analysis of the supply and demand situation of the rural financial market in China. The exploration of cooperative finance development model is based on facts. The development of rural cooperative finance in China shoulders the responsibility of realizing mutual financing for rural society, optimizing the allocation of rural resources, and serving the economic development. The aim of this paper is to challenge the idea of comprehensive commercial bank under the background of comprehensive reform of rural financial system. It also puts forward a new framework model for the development of rural cooperative finance. At present, the legislation of cooperative finance is urgently needed to create a good institutional environment. On the one hand, it is necessary to encourage the spontaneous development of rural cooperative financial funds mutual aid societies. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the transformation of credit cooperatives, unify exogenous finance and endogenous finance through appropriate models, and form a benign development model of rural finance.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.35

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