中国外汇储备的规模和结构研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 09:41

本文关键词： 外汇储备适度规模外汇储备合理结构优化管理　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国外汇储备持续增长,截至2012年6月底,中国外汇储备达到2400亿美元,居世界第一。巨额的外汇储备提高了我国对外支付能力,保障了我国经齐发展,维护了我国人民币逐步走向国际的信心,支撑了我国在国际上的地位。但是,巨额的外汇储备也使我国承担了较高的机会成本和美元贬值的风险,并且直接影响到央行推行货币政策的难度。鉴于上述原因,笔者选择“中国外汇储备的规模和结构研究’作为论文的选题,研究巨额的外汇储备如何更有效地为中国经济建设服务。本文将对中国外汇储备的适度规模,外汇储备的合理结构以及外汇储备的管理体制优化,提出积极的建议,以期望化解巨额的外汇储备带来的经济问题。本文阐述了中国外汇储备的形成过程和近年来迅速增长的原因,同时运用比例分析法对适度外汇储备做了测算,得出中国外汇储备超额的结论。然后,针对超额外汇储备提出储备币种结构优化的对策和矫正中国外汇储备适度规模的系列对策。最后,结合他国外汇储备管理经验对中国外汇体制管理优化提出建议。论文的建议是：增持石油战略储备和黄金储备,并进行了可行性分析,最终得出解决中国超额外汇储备的根本途径在于扩大内需和由“藏汇于国”转向“藏汇于民”。随后分析中国内需不足和“藏汇于国”的现状,提出扩大内需及由“藏汇于国”转向“藏汇于民,,的策略：比如,在经常项目下放开购汇额度,给予国民充足的外汇资金；在资本项目方面,给予国民境外直接投资机会,建立规范化和个人境外直接投资渠道；在现有条件下逐步拓宽企业和个人持有外汇的投资渠道。最后笔者提出建立外汇平准基金,作为中国外汇储备管理体制的优化对策,不仅要把好“出口关”,更要把好“进口关”,从源头上改革外汇储备形成机制,切断外汇储备增长与国内货币供应的直接联系,并提出完善外汇储备立法的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign exchange reserves have continued to grow. By the end of June 2012, China's foreign exchange reserves had reached 240 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world. It has maintained the confidence that China's RMB is gradually moving towards the international level and has supported our country's position in the international community. However, the huge foreign exchange reserves have also made our country bear the higher opportunity cost and the risk of the depreciation of the US dollar. And it has a direct impact on the difficulty of the central bank in carrying out monetary policy. In view of the above reasons, the author chooses "study on the scale and structure of China's Foreign Exchange Reserve" as the topic of the thesis. This paper studies how the huge foreign exchange reserves can serve China's economic construction more effectively. This paper puts forward some positive suggestions on the appropriate scale of China's foreign exchange reserves, the rational structure of foreign exchange reserves and the optimization of the management system of foreign exchange reserves. In the hope of resolving the huge foreign exchange reserves brought about by economic problems. This paper expounds the forming process of China's foreign exchange reserve and the reasons for its rapid growth in recent years, and uses the proportional analysis method to calculate the moderate foreign exchange reserve, and draws the conclusion that China's foreign exchange reserve exceeds the level of foreign exchange reserve. This paper puts forward some countermeasures to optimize the structure of foreign exchange reserves and a series of countermeasures to correct the moderate scale of China's foreign exchange reserves. Finally, some suggestions on the optimization of China's foreign exchange system management are put forward based on the experience of foreign exchange reserve management in other countries. The suggestion of this paper is to increase the petroleum strategic reserve and gold reserve, and carry on the feasibility analysis. Finally, the basic way to solve China's excess foreign exchange reserves lies in expanding domestic demand and changing from "reserving foreign exchange in China" to "reserving foreign exchange in China" to "reserving foreign exchange among the people". Then, it analyzes the current situation of insufficient domestic demand in China and "reserving foreign exchange in China." Proposing strategies to expand domestic demand and shift from "foreign exchange in Tibet and in the country" to "foreign exchange in the people's land": for example, to liberalize the quota of foreign exchange purchases under the current account and to give the people sufficient foreign exchange funds; and in the capital account, to give foreign direct investment opportunities to nationals. Establish standardized and individual foreign direct investment channels, and gradually broaden the investment channels for enterprises and individuals to hold foreign exchange under existing conditions. Finally, the author puts forward the establishment of foreign exchange stabilization fund, as the optimization countermeasure of China's foreign exchange reserve management system, we should not only "export", but also "import", and reform the formation mechanism of foreign exchange reserve from the source. The direct relation between the increase of foreign exchange reserve and the domestic money supply is cut off, and the policy suggestion of perfecting the legislation of foreign exchange reserve is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.6

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