2003-2010年中国国有银行改革有效性分析

发布时间：2018-03-06 07:32

本文选题：国有银行　切入点：改革　出处：《东北财经大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国四大国有银行长期以来被资产质量差、盈利能力低等问题困扰。国有银行低效的根源在于其单一的国有产权,由于国家是非人格化的所有者,没有维护自身利益的能力,导致了在国有银行所有者和经营者的博弈中出现了失衡,造成内部人控制,代理成本巨大。我国四大国有银行以往改革可分为三个阶段：国家专业银行的恢复和设立、国家专业银行向企业化经营的转变和国有独资商业银行改革。期间采取的种种改革措施对完善我国银行体系、增加银行市场竞争等发挥了一定作用。但由于这些改革措施并未触及国有银行的产权制度,所以改革效果并不显著。2003年开始的新一轮改革,其最大亮点是开始改变国有银行单一的产权制度。改革中,四大国有银行基本采用了：财务重组-公司治理改革-资本市场上市的“三步走”改革模式。本文首先从产权和公司治理两个角度对2003-2010年国有银行改革效果进行了定性分析。从产权改革看,改革后四大国有银行由产权单一的国有企业转变为产权多元化的股份有限公司,一定程度上解决了国有银行的所有者虚置问题,但股权结构上的国家绝对控股也给国有银行绩效改善带来了隐忧。本轮改革非常重视公司治理建设,把建设良好的银行公司治理作为国有银行改革的核心。改革后,四大国有银行都参照国际先进银行建立了形式完整的公司治理结构,现代公司治理机制初步开始运作。但公司治理内生于产权结构,来源于公司所有者和公司经营者之间的利益博弈。但到目前为止,我国国有银行尚未完全解决所有者虚置问题,由此导致我国国有银行公司治理机制内在动力不足,“形似”而“神异”。本文然后运用财务指标分析和DEA模型两种方法对改革后四大国有银行改革有效性进行了实证分析。本文第五章用银监会《国有商业银行公司治理及相关监管指引》规定的三大类共七项指标考核国有银行改革后的财务指标,发现四大国有控股银行较好实现了银监会设定的目标,本文随后对国有控股银行取得良好绩效的原因进行了简要分析。本文第六章运用DEA模型对改革后国有银行效率进行实证分析,结果表明,四大国有银行的平均技术效率高于股份制银行,但把技术效率进一步分解为纯技术效率和规模效率后发现,国有控股银行虽然平均技术效率高于股份制银行,但其平均纯技术效率低于股份制银行,其较高的技术效率水平主要是由其较高的规模效率导致的。文章接下来阐述了国有银行本轮改革中有争议的两个具体问题：汇金公司在国有银行改革中的作用和国有银行引进外国战略投资者的成效。第七章分析了汇金公司在国有银行改革中的作用,汇金公司在国有银行改革中的积极作用包括：汇金公司注资充实了国有银行的资本金,保证了国有银行财务重组的顺利完成；通过汇金公司注资四大国有银行,在某种程度上解决了四大银行的所有者虚置问题。但汇金公司目前未享有完全的出资人权利,并且汇金公司是国有独资公司,其自身同样存在所有者虚置问题。第八章分析了国有银行引进外国战略投资者的成效。引进国外战略投资者,对我国国有银行在境外资本市场成功上市发挥了积极作用；希望通过引进战略投资者学习国际先进银行管理经验、技术和方法的目的并未达到；引入外国战略投资者后,国有银行公司治理水平未得到实质性提高。本轮改革取得的成绩主要有：四大国有银行成功实现了产权结构的多元化；建立了形式完整的公司治理架构,初步形成了有效激励、相互制衡的公司治理机制；各行加强了内控机制建设,风险防范体系不断完善;国有银行规模业绩得到全面提升,财务状况根本好转等。此次改革存在的不足包括：改制上市后国有股依然占绝对控股地位,国有银行的所有者虚置问题并未得到根本解决；改革中各国有银行已经搭建了形式完整的公司治理架构,但相互制衡的治理机制尚不能有效运作。目前我国国有银行改革仍处在起步阶段,后续改革工作仍然任重道远。就国有银行产权改革而言,今后仍面临着产权结构进一步多元化的任务。根据我国渐进性的改革原则,国有股权的释放应该是一个缓慢的过程,可先由目前的国家绝对控股变为国家相对控股。在条件成熟以后,可考虑选择一两个国有控股银行尝试放弃国家控股权。将来我国四大银行不能由外国资本控股,只能由民间资本控股。在民间资本控股银行后,银行体系稳健运行的关键是提高银行监管能力。
[Abstract]:The four major state-owned banks in China has long been plagued by poor quality assets, low profitability. The root of state-owned banks is its inefficient state-owned property rights as the country is a single, non personification of the owner, do not have the ability to safeguard their own interests, resulting in the imbalance of state-owned banks and operators in the game. Due to the internal control, the agency cost is huge.
The four major state-owned banks in China before reform can be divided into three stages: the recovery and the establishment of specialized state banks, the reform of the national specialized bank to enterprise management and state-owned commercial banks. During the take all sorts of reform measures to improve China's banking system has played a certain role in increasing competition in the banking market. But because of these reforms did not touch the state-owned bank property right system reform, so the effect is not significant in.2003 began a new round of reform, the biggest bright spot is beginning to change the single property rights of state-owned banks. In the reform, the four major state-owned banks: the basic use of the financial restructuring corporate governance reform - the capital market "three step model of reform.
This paper from two aspects of property rights and corporate governance on the 2003-2010 years of the reform of state-owned banks effect by qualitative analysis. From the property rights reform, the reform of state-owned enterprises after the four major state-owned banks from the property into a single property diversification of the Limited by Share Ltd, to a certain extent, solve the problem of the nominal owner of state-owned banks, but the ownership structure the country also gives absolute holding of state-owned banks to improve the performance of the current round of reform has brought worries. Attach great importance to the construction of corporate governance, the construction of good corporate governance of banks as the core of the reform of state-owned banks. After the reform, the four major state-owned banks are based on the international advanced bank to establish a corporate governance structure complete, modern corporate governance mechanism preliminary operation but within the corporate governance structure of property rights, from the interests of the game between company owners and operators, but up to now. Only, state-owned banks in China have not yet completely solved the nominal owner problem, resulting in the lack of China's state-owned bank corporate governance mechanism of intrinsic motivation, "shape" and "miraculous".
In this paper, and then use the financial index analysis and DEA model two methods of reform after the empirical analysis of the four major state-owned banks reform effectiveness. In the fifth chapter, with the CBRC < three categories of state owned commercial bank corporate governance guidelines and relevant regulatory provisions > seven indicators of financial indicators assessment of state-owned bank reform, found the four major state-owned banks can achieve the CBRC's target, this paper gives a brief analysis on the causes of state-owned banks to achieve a good performance. The sixth chapter uses the DEA model to reform the state-owned bank efficiency of empirical analysis, the results show that the average technical efficiency of the four big state-owned banks is higher than joint-stock banks, but the technical efficiency found further decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of state-owned banks, although the average technical efficiency is higher than that of joint-stock banks, but its average net technology The efficiency is lower than the joint-stock bank, and its high technical efficiency is mainly caused by its higher scale efficiency.
This paper expounds the following two specific issues disputed in the current round of reform of state-owned banks: Huijin in the reform of state-owned banks and the role of state-owned banks to introduce foreign strategic investors results. The seventh chapter analyzes the role of Huijin in the state-owned bank reform, including the positive role in the reform of state-owned banks in Huijin Huijin Company: pumped up the state-owned bank capital, guarantee the state-owned bank financial restructuring smoothly; through Huijin injected four big state-owned banks, to a certain extent to solve the four major banks in the nominal owner. But Huijin is currently not fully enjoy the rights of investors, and Huijin Company is a wholly state-owned company, the there is also the nominal owner. The eighth chapter analyzes the effect of the introduction of foreign strategic investors of state-owned banks to introduce foreign strategic investors, Played a positive role in China's state-owned commercial banks listed in the overseas capital market; to learn from advanced international experience of bank management through the introduction of strategic investors, technology and methods did not reached the purpose; after the introduction of foreign strategic investors, corporate governance of state-owned banks has not been substantially improved.
This round of reform, the main achievements are: the four major state-owned banks successfully realize the diversification of property rights structure; establish the corporate governance structure form complete, the initial formation of effective incentive, corporate governance mechanism; all strengthen the construction of internal control mechanism, risk prevention system and constantly improve the performance of state-owned banks; scale comprehensive upgrading the financial situation is improved. The shortcomings of the reform include: restructuring after the listing of state-owned shares still dominate, the owner of state-owned banks fause problem has not been fundamentally solved; in the reform of state banks have set up corporate governance structure form complete, but the effective operation of the governance mechanism of checks and balances are not.
The reform of state-owned banks in China at present is still in the initial stage, the subsequent reform work remains to be done. The state-owned bank property right reform, the future still faces further diversification of property rights structure task. According to the principle of gradual reform in China, state-owned shares should release is a slow process, but the current state of absolute control variable for the state relative holding. When conditions are ripe, can choose the one or two state-owned holding banks try to give up state-controlled ownership. In the future, China's four largest banks by foreign capital not only by private capital holdings, holdings. In private capital holding bank, key to the steady operation of the banking system is to improve the ability of bank supervision.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.1

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