黄金的货币化与非货币化研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 19:38

本文选题：黄金　切入点：货币化　出处：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：黄金是一种同时拥有金融属性、商品属性和货币属性的商品。英国于1816年制订《金本位制法》,1821年在世界上首次实行金本位制。19世纪70年代以后欧美各国和日本等相继仿效,使金本位制成为世界上最早的国际货币制度。以黄金-英镑为中心的典型国际金本位制度维持了30年左右,到第一次世界大战爆发时即告解体。第一次世界大战后又形成了国际金汇兑本位制,到1936年所有国家又都放弃了,整个金本位制也相应彻底崩溃了,代之而起的是以纸币流通为主的货币制度。第二次世界大战后建立的以美元——黄金为核心的布雷顿森林体系,确立了美元——黄金在二战后国际货币制度的特殊地位。布雷顿森林体系从建立到崩溃,仅仅不到30年时间,这决非偶然。因为它存在着严重的缺陷。 1978年4月1日起《牙买加协定》正式生效,国际货币制度进入了一个新的阶段,从这时起的国际货币制度也被人们称为“牙买加体系”。它成为人类历史上出现了第一个以纯粹信用货币为本位货币的国际货币体系。牙买加体系的正式生效,从法律层面,黄金兑换美元的固定官方价格被取消,黄金价格可以按市场的供求关系自由波动,国际金融市场上失去了一个统一的货币汇率制定的依据和标准,黄金在国际货币体系中也不再具有本位货币的地位,黄金被还原为一般普通的贵金属商品。黄金储备也不再作为支付手段来平衡进口贸易和国际收支逆差。最终,黄金非货币化得以实现。但是,近几年随着世界经济的发展和联系的越来越密切以及金融领域的不断深化,信用货币的不稳定性渐渐凸显,信用货币风险增大、美元贬值不断,这就为黄金再货币化提供了客观需要。信用货币在世界经济发展的中虽然作出了巨大贡献,但迄今为止,世界上还找不到更权威的国际货币可以替代黄金。因此,黄金的货币地位仍然存在。这与黄金的价值实体、信用与偿付能力密切相关,任何其他资产都无法与其比拟。实现黄金再货币化,可以使黄金重新回归到流通领域,在国际货币体系中继续发挥着货币的职能,对国际货币体系改革具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Gold is a kind of commodity with financial, commodity and monetary attributes. Britain enacted the Gold Standard Law in 1816, and in 1821, the gold standard system was first implemented in the world. After the 1870s, the European and American countries and Japan followed suit one after another. The gold standard became the earliest international monetary system in the world. A typical international gold standard centered on gold-sterling lasted for about 30 years. By the time the first World War broke out, it had dissolved. After the first World War, the international gold exchange standard was formed, and by 1936 all the countries had abandoned it, and the whole gold standard had collapsed accordingly. Instead, the currency system is dominated by paper money circulation. The Bretton Woods system, built after the second World War with the dollar gold at its core, established the special position of dollar gold in the international monetary system after World War II. The Bretton Woods system was established and collapsed in less than 30 years. This is by no means accidental, for it has serious defects. With the entry into force of the Jamaica Agreement on 1 April 1978, the international monetary system entered into a new phase. Since then, the international monetary system has also been called the Jamaican system. It has become the first international monetary system based on pure credit money in the history of mankind. The fixed official price of gold to the United States dollar has been abolished, the price of gold can fluctuate freely according to the supply and demand relationship of the market, and the international financial market has lost the basis and standard of a unified currency exchange rate. Gold is no longer the standard currency in the international monetary system. Gold is reduced to ordinary precious metal commodities. Gold reserves are no longer used as a means of payment to balance import trade and balance of payments deficits. Non-monetization of gold was achieved. However, with the development of the world economy and the deepening of the financial field in recent years, the instability of the credit currency has gradually become prominent, the risk of the credit currency has increased, and the depreciation of the US dollar has continued. This provides an objective need for the remonetization of gold. Although credit money has made a great contribution to the development of the world economy, so far, no more authoritative international currency can be found as a substitute for gold. Gold's monetary status still exists. This is closely related to gold's value entity, credit and solvency, and no other asset can match it. To realize the remonetization of gold can make gold return to the circulating field and continue to play the role of currency in the international monetary system, which is of great significance to the reform of the international monetary system.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.6

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