高校生源地信用助学贷款长效机制构建研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 19:42

本文选题：大学生　切入点：助学贷款　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着高校规模的不断扩大,财政投入不能满足高等教育的发展需要,国家相应改革了收费制度,建立了国家和受教育者个人分担教育费用的机制。不断上涨的教育费用,成为了家庭经济困难学生入学的主要障碍。为了解决家庭经济困难学生的经济压力,国家推出了助学贷款政策,以实现教育公平。自1987年以来,我国相继出台了多种助学贷款政策,由于种种原因,都没有实现持续发展。经过深入调研,2007年国家出台了生源地信用助学贷款政策,2009年在全国范围内推开,截至2009年底,累计发放生源地信用助学贷款119.2亿元,贷款余额达113.3亿元,获得贷款人次高达224万。为了实现生源地信用助学贷款的持续发展,笔者通过对所在单位(德州学院)生源地信用助学贷款进行了深入调查,采用学生抽样、问卷调查等方式,利用文献研究法、案例分析法、归纳总结等理论工具,揭示生源地信用助学贷款的优点与不足。与以往助学贷款相比,生源地信用助学贷款是信用贷款,不需要学生寻找担保或抵押,降低了学生申请贷款的成本；父母为共同借款人,在一定程度上降低了违约率；贷款期限延长,减轻了学生的还款压力；经办银行为政策性银行,能更好的突出助学贷款政策性、帮扶性、公益性的特征；高校不再支付风险补偿金,减轻了高校的经济压力,调动了高校的积极性。但同时也发现生源地信用助学贷款具有一定的信用风险、配套法律法规还不健全、成本高收益低、资助工作人员配备不足、利率和还款方式单一等问题。在借鉴美国、加拿大、日本等助学贷款运作模式相对成熟的国家经验基础上,提出了一套生源地信用助学贷款的长效机制：明确了申请发放、中间管理和贷款回收过程中的工作要点；扩大征信系统使用范围,提高国民信用意识；进一步明确了政府、高校、银行和学生及家长的权利与责任；取消不合理的户籍政策限制,方便学生申请贷款；根据学生的家庭条件给予不同的利率补偿；培育助学贷款市场竞争机制,降低助学贷款成本；制定科学合理的还款方式,如按照收入比例偿还贷款、免除加入到人才紧缺行业学生的贷款、代偿或部分代偿在校表现优秀学生的贷款,以期望实现生源地助学贷款的持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education, the financial input can not meet the needs of the development of higher education. The state has accordingly reformed the system of charging fees, established a mechanism for the state and the educated to share the cost of education with each other. In order to solve the economic pressure of the students with family financial difficulties, the government has introduced the policy of student loan in order to realize the equity of education. Since 1987, many kinds of student loan policies have been introduced in our country. Because of various reasons, no sustainable development has been realized. After in-depth investigation, in 2007, the government issued the student land credit loan policy, which was launched nationwide in 2009. By the end of 2009, 11.92 billion yuan of student credit loans had been granted, with a loan balance of 11.33 billion yuan, and the number of loans received was as high as 2.24 million. In order to realize the sustainable development of student credit loan, the author made a deep investigation on the student credit loan from his unit (Texas College), adopted student sampling and questionnaire investigation, and made use of the method of literature research. Case analysis, summing up and other theoretical tools reveal the advantages and disadvantages of student loan. Compared with the previous student loan, student loan is credit loan, and students do not need to seek guarantee or mortgage. It reduces the cost of applying for loans for students, reduces the default rate to some extent by co-borrowers, extends the term of loans and reduces the pressure on students to repay loans, and the banks run by the banks are policy banks. Can better highlight the characteristics of student loan policy, support, and public welfare; colleges and universities no longer pay risk compensation, which reduces the economic pressure of colleges and universities. At the same time, it is found that there are some problems such as credit risk, unsound supporting laws and regulations, low cost and low income, insufficient allocation of financial staff, single interest rate and repayment method, and so on. On the basis of the experience of the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries with relatively mature operation models of student loans, this paper puts forward a long-term mechanism of student credit loans: it defines the application for issuing student loans. The main points of the work in the process of intermediate management and loan recovery are as follows: expanding the scope of use of the credit information system, raising the national credit consciousness, further clarifying the rights and responsibilities of the government, universities, banks, students and parents; Cancel unreasonable household registration policy restrictions, facilitate students to apply for loans; compensate different interest rates according to students' family conditions; foster competitive mechanisms in the student loan market to reduce the cost of student loans; and formulate scientific and reasonable repayment methods. If the loan is repaid according to the proportion of income, students who join in the talent shortage industry are exempted from the loan, the loan of outstanding students with excellent performance is compensated or partly compensated, in order to realize the sustainable development of student loan in order to realize the sustainable development of student loan.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4;G647.5

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