中国西部制造业外商直接投资对环境的影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-01 09:34

本文选题：外商直接投资　切入点：制造业　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：制造业是我国西部地区的支柱产业，在整个经济系统中占据着不容忽视的重要地位。伴随西部大开发战略的深入贯彻，西部地区的投资热潮仍旧集中在制造业行业，不同类型的外资（以下简称FDI）的规模不断扩大，加之制造业在生产过程中具有的自身污染特性，使得环境与外资问题越来越成为人们聚焦的热点。西部各省市怎样解决二者的关系，促进区域经济的长久发展成为日后工作中亟需考虑的重大问题。因此研究西部制造业外商直接投资对该地区环境的影响有助于各省市合理地开展经济活动。一直以来人们将研究的焦点放在了东部沿海地区外商直接投资的环境效应上，对经济发展落后的中西部地区，尤其是西部地区的研究甚少，并且大部分研究的对象均定位在某个省份FDI的环境效应，并未对某个具体的行业加以详细论述，即便少数学者关注了行业研究，但对制造业的研究尚存在空缺。基于此，本文的研究主题选取了西部制造业外商直接投资对环境的影响，首先在理论上阐述了二者的关系，然后用大量的数据分析西部制造业FDI与环境的现状，接着建立计量模型从实证角度分析西部制造业FDI与环境的关系，并基于得到的实证结果，对不同类型FDI制造业投资企业的环境总效应进行测算。本文借助Eviews5.1软件采用两阶段最小二乘法得到的实证结果是：从西部制造业吸收的港澳台资本来看，该类型资本的流入加速了制造业的发展，而FDI产生的经济规模效应对西部环境却产生了负面的影响，即制造业吸收的FDI资本存量每增加1%，，促使生产规模增长0.77%，产生的废气排放量增加了4.97%；港澳台资本流入制造业行业，增加了该行业创造的产值在地区总产值的份额，因此FDI产生的产业结构效应也是消极的；另外港澳台资本的增加刺激了西部省市积极地调整环境管制政策，但实施的环境政策并未很好地遏制该地区发展中产生的废物，所以本文未得到理想的技术效应结果。从西部制造业吸收的其他外商资本来看，这类型外商资本的流入同样加速了西部制造业的发展，由此产生的经济规模效应也是负的；其次本文没有得到FDI消极的结构效应；同时其他外商资本的进入提供了一定的技术，对降低污染物的排放量起到了积极地作用。最后，文章针对西部各省市怎样解决二者的关系提出了几点应对策略，除了调整地区的产业结构外，还应该改善该地区的投资者格局，提高外资对西部经济的贡献率。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry in the western region of our country, and it plays an important role in the whole economic system. With the deep implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, the investment boom in the western region is still concentrated in the manufacturing industry. The scale of different types of foreign investment (hereinafter referred to as FDI) continues to expand, in addition to the manufacturing industry in the production process has its own pollution characteristics, As a result, the issue of environment and foreign investment has become a focus of attention. How do provinces and cities in the west solve the relationship between the two? To promote the long-term development of regional economy has become an important issue that needs to be considered in the future, so it is helpful for provinces and cities to study the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the environment of the western manufacturing industry. For a long time, people have focused on the environmental effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the eastern coastal areas. There has been little research on the economic development of the western and western regions, especially in the western regions. And most of the research objects are focused on the environmental effects of FDI in a certain province, not on a specific industry. Even though a few scholars pay attention to the industry research, there is still a lack of research on the manufacturing industry. The theme of this paper is to select the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in western manufacturing industry on the environment. Firstly, the relationship between FDI and environment is expounded in theory, and then the current situation of FDI and environment in western manufacturing industry is analyzed with a large amount of data. Then an econometric model is established to analyze the relationship between FDI and environment in western manufacturing industry from an empirical point of view. Based on the empirical results, the total environmental effects of different types of FDI manufacturing investment enterprises are measured. The empirical results obtained by using the two-stage least square method with Eviews5.1 software are as follows: from the view of the Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital absorbed by the western manufacturing industry, the inflow of this type of capital accelerates the development of the manufacturing industry. However, the economic scale effect produced by FDI has a negative impact on the western environment, that is, for every increase in the FDI capital stock absorbed by the manufacturing industry, the scale of production is increased by 0.77, and the emission of exhaust gas is increased by 4.97.The capital of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan flows into the manufacturing industry. It has increased the share of the output value created by the industry in the total regional output value, so the industrial structure effect produced by FDI is also negative. In addition, the increase in capital of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan has stimulated the western provinces and cities to actively adjust their environmental control policies. However, the implementation of the environmental policy did not contain the waste generated in the development of the region very well, so this paper has not obtained the ideal result of the technological effect. From the view of other foreign capital absorbed by the western manufacturing industry, The inflow of this type of foreign capital also accelerates the development of the western manufacturing industry, and the resulting economic scale effect is also negative. Secondly, this paper does not get the negative structural effect of FDI; at the same time, the entry of other foreign capital provides certain technology. It has played a positive role in reducing the discharge of pollutants. Finally, the article puts forward some countermeasures for how to solve the relationship between the two in the western provinces and cities, besides adjusting the industrial structure of the region, We should also improve the pattern of investors in the region and increase the contribution of foreign capital to the western economy.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F426.4;F832.6

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