论商业银行个人理财业务中金融消费者权益的保护

发布时间：2018-04-15 04:26

本文选题：金融消费者 + 个人理财业务　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：金融危机后,加强对理财市场的监管,保护理财消费者的合法权益是各国完善金融监管体系的重要内容之一。我国目前有关于商业银行个人理财业务领域金融消费者合法权益保护的学术研究寥寥可数。在立法实践中,也没有关于此问题的具体规定,只是零散的对金融机构的信息披露义务、虚假陈述的责任做了规定,缺乏在个人理财领域对金融消费者保护的统一规范。制度规定层面的缺失常常将理财消费者置于权益受损却无法得到救济的尴尬境地。因此,本文的目的在于对此问题进行较为全面深入的探讨,在分析发达国家理财市场监管制度经验的基础上,结合我国存在的不足,为构建我国的个人理财业务领域金融消费者权利保护法律体系提出有用的建议。金融消费者是指接受金融机构提供的金融服务或购买金融机构金融商品的自然人和法人。但不包括专业投资机构和达到一定投资规模,或具有专业投资能力的自然人、非法人团体以及法人。这一定义的特点在于：首先,不以“消费目的”为依据来判断金融消费者的地位。其次、承认企业以及其他社会组织的金融消费者地位,将法人纳入保护的范畴。在对整个理财市场进行规范的实践中,应遵循最基本的信托原则,从信托法律关系的角度入手来制定相关规则,这样不仅有利于明确消费者与金融机构之间的具体权利义务,也有助于我国理财市场监管体系的完善：首先,对于信托法律关系有更为严格的规范标准,明确个人理财业务的基础法律关系为信托关系,可以适用信托法的相关规定。其次,我们可以据此在立法中对金融机构规定更为严格的义务,以此来分配金融消费者与金融机构在商业银行个人理财业务市场的权利义务,平衡两者之间的实力对比,对金融消费者进行更好的保护。针对我国商业银行个人理财业务领域存在的金融消费者保护乏力、分业监管模式弊端显现的具体情况,本文从立法、行政监管、权利救济途径三方面提出建议,希望能构建起较为完善的个人理财业务领域金融消费者权益保护机制。具体来说,在金融活动领域明确“金融消费者权益保护”这一基本行为原则,在金融理财业务中,乃至整个金融活动领域,不管是进行立法活动还是具体的行政监管,都应将保护金融消费者的权利作为其基本指导原则；专门制定一部针对金融消费者权益保护的法律,广泛听取社会各方的利益呼声,能最大范围的保护金融消费者权利；在该法律中承认金融消费者的地位、对其享有的具体权利做出规定,成立专门的金融消费者权益保护机构；确定法律后果机制,法律可以这样规定,金融机构违反法律规定侵犯金融消费者的财产安全权、知情权、选择权以及金融消费者个人信息和隐私权的,应承担损害赔偿责任。赔偿范围包括金融消费者遭受的实际财产损失,诉讼费、律师费、误工费、餐饮费等其他因寻求救济而产生费用;在专门的立法还未出台之时,在实践操作中可以采取“分工合作、牵头领导”的监管模式作为过渡时期的监管方案。以信托关系为基础完善金融监管体系,具体银行开办理财业务的条件要求以及理财业务从业人员的任职要求,明确商业银行在理财关系中的谨慎管理义务与信息披露义务；建立多层次的权利救济渠道,使金融纠纷能得到高效的解决。
[Abstract]:After the financial crisis, to strengthen financial market supervision, financial protection of the legitimate rights and interests of consumers is one of the important contents of all countries to improve the system of financial supervision. China currently has a research on the field of personal financial services of commercial bank financial consumer protection of the legitimate rights and interests can be counted. In the legislative practice, there is no specific provisions on this issue that is scattered on the disclosure obligations of financial institutions, liability of misrepresentation made provisions, the lack of unified standard of financial consumer protection in the field of personal finance. The level of institution lack of financial consumers often cannot get relief in damage to the interests of the embarrassing situation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is more comprehensive and in-depth discussion is this problem, based on the analysis of financial market supervision system on the experience of developed countries, combined with the existing problems in our country, for the construction of The legal system for the protection of the rights of consumers in the field of personal financial services is proposed in China.
Financial consumer refers to financial institutions to provide financial services to buy financial products or natural person and legal person financial institutions. But does not include professional investment institutions and investment reached a certain scale, or have a professional investment capacity of natural person, legal person and non legal entity. The features of this definition: first of all, don't judge the financial the status of the consumer to consumer ". Secondly, the recognition of corporate and other social organizations, the financial status of consumers, the legal person into the protection category.
In the practice of the whole financial market, should follow the basic principle of trust, to formulate relevant rules from the perspective of the legal relationship of trust, so that not only between consumers and financial institutions to clear the specific rights and obligations, but also contribute to perfecting financial market supervision system: first of all, for the trust legal relationships are more strict standards, clear personal financial services of the basic legal relationship of the trust relationship, relevant provisions of the applicable law. Secondly, we can be in the legislation of financial institutions regulations more stringent obligations, in order to assign the rights and obligations of financial consumers and financial institutions in the market of personal financial services of commercial banks the comparative balance of power between the two, for better protection of financial consumers.
According to the financial consumer protection weak personal financial business of commercial banks in China in the field of the specific circumstances of financial supervision mode shortcomings, this article from the legislative, administrative supervision and rights relief proposed three ways, hoping to build a more perfect personal financial services financial consumer protection mechanism. Specifically, clear financial consumers the protection of rights and interests in the financial activities in the field of the basic principles of conduct, in the financial business, and the whole financial activities, whether legislative activities or specific administrative supervision should be the protection of financial consumer rights as its basic guiding principle; a specially formulated for financial consumer rights protection law, widely listen to the voice of social interests, to the largest extent of protection of the rights of financial consumers; in the law that financial consumers Fee status, the provisions of the specific rights of the rights, the establishment of institutions specialized financial consumer protection; determine the legal consequences of the legal system, can such regulations, financial institutions in violation of the law violations of financial consumer and property safety, the right to know, right to choose and the financial consumers' personal information and privacy, shall be liable for damages the liability for compensation. The scope of compensation includes financial consumers suffered actual loss of property, legal fees, legal fees, lost income, expenses and other food due to seek relief and expenses; in the special legislation has not been issued, in practice can take the "division of labor, led leadership" mode of regulation as a regulatory scheme during the transition period the trust relationship. To improve the system of financial supervision, specific conditions require bank financial services and financial services practitioners qualification requirements We should clarify the prudent management obligations and information disclosure obligations of commercial banks in financial relations, establish multi-level channels of right relief, so that financial disputes can be effectively solved.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.28;D923;F832.2

【参考文献】