外资银行在华扩张及其对中国银行业效率的影响

发布时间：2018-04-17 16:23

本文选题：银行效率 + 跨国经营　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1979年日本输出入银行在北京设立第一家代表处标志着外资银行开始进入中国,直到我国履行入世承诺对外资银行全面开放后迎来第一个五年,外资银行在我国走过了三十多年。期间,不仅外资银行的业务发展规模越来越大,同时,对中国银行业的影响力也越来越大。本文首先回顾了与银行业跨国经营有关的金融开放与银行效率等理论,同时,也简要地介绍了外资银行进入一国的方式与影响。第三章概述了2006-2010这五年来国际经济与金融的大背景,分析了外资银行在华业务模式与市场地位,并同时分析了外资银行在华扩张的路径与影响。结果表明：2006年之后,外资银行大幅增加了在中国的投资总额,增设了营业性网点并加速转制成法人银行,在中国的投资进程进新的阶段。在本章还就韩资银行在华经营案例进行研究,并探讨新兴外资银行如何在华实现稳定与增长。接着,本文在第四章选取我国银行市场上占主要地位的16家银行2006-2010年的面板数据,对2006年《外资银行管理条例》颁布之后,外资银行在华的进一步扩张活动是否对中国银行业的发展造成影响进行实证分析。我们采用变截距模型和固定效应模型对外资银行进入的影响进行GLS估计。借鉴Claessens(2001)的经典模型,利用银行的财务指标从经营效率,成本效率,抗风险效率和流动性效率四个角度来考察影响。结果表明,在整个观测期内,宏观因素对我国银行经营绩效影响显著,外资银行的进入与经营费用关系为负,与非利息收入关系为正,与贷款呆账准备金率的关系为正,与贷款率的关系并不显著。外资银行的进入使得国内银行的经营费用降低、非利息收入增加,同时使其短期内资产质量下降,风险增加,但对国内银行流动性的影响并不显著。这表明虽然前文的理论分析认为外资银行进入可以通过对产权、市场结构、银行内部治理及外部环境对过内银行业的大部分绩效产生一定影响,但对流动性的影响力比较有限。因此,在全球经济艰难复苏以及国际银行业重组的大背景下,中国银行业必须牢牢抓住历史契机,在竞争中增强自身实力,同时通过相互之间的股权投资和自身的股份制产权改造,使经营管理水平和抗风险能力不断向国际领先的外资银行靠拢。政策方面,应不断改进、完善和加强对中外银行业运营的宏观调控与监管,并必须彻底分离国有商业银行政策性业务,提高商业银行商业化经营度。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the first representative office in Beijing by Japan's Export and Import Bank in 1979 marks the beginning of the entry of foreign banks into China until the first five years after China fully opened to foreign banks in accordance with its WTO commitments.Foreign banks have been in our country for more than thirty years.During this period, foreign banks are not only growing in size, but also more influential in China's banking sector.This paper first reviews the theories of financial openness and banking efficiency related to the transnational operation of the banking industry. At the same time, it also briefly introduces the ways and influences of foreign banks entering a country.The third chapter summarizes the background of international economy and finance in the past five years from 2006 to 2010, analyzes the business model and market status of foreign banks in China, and analyzes the path and influence of the expansion of foreign banks in China at the same time.The results show that after 2006, the total investment amount of foreign banks in China has been increased significantly, the business network has been added and turned into corporate banks, and the investment process in China has entered a new stage.In this chapter, the case study of Korean banks in China, and how to achieve stability and growth of emerging foreign banks in China.Then, in the fourth chapter, we select the panel data of 16 banks in China's banking market from 2006 to 2010.Whether the further expansion of foreign banks in China will have an impact on the development of China's banking industry is empirically analyzed.We use variable intercept model and fixed effect model to estimate the impact of foreign banks' entry into GLS.Based on the classical model of Claessensor 2001, this paper uses the financial index of the bank to investigate the influence from four aspects: operating efficiency, cost efficiency, risk resistance efficiency and liquidity efficiency.The results show that during the whole observation period, macro factors have a significant impact on the performance of Chinese banks. The relationship between entry and operating expenses of foreign banks is negative, the relationship between entry and non-interest income is positive, and the relationship with the reserve ratio of bad loans is positive.The relationship with loan ratio is not significant.The entry of foreign banks reduces the operating expenses and increases the non-interest income of the domestic banks. At the same time, the quality of assets decreases and the risk increases in the short term, but the effect on the liquidity of domestic banks is not significant.This indicates that although the previous theoretical analysis shows that the entry of foreign banks can have a certain impact on most of the performance of the over-internal banking industry through property rights, market structure, bank internal governance and external environment, the influence on liquidity is relatively limited.Therefore, against the backdrop of the difficult recovery of the global economy and the restructuring of the international banking sector, the Chinese banking industry must firmly seize the historical opportunity to enhance its own strength in the competition.At the same time, through mutual equity investment and the reform of their own joint-stock property rights, the level of management and the ability to resist risks continue to draw close to the international leading foreign banks.In terms of policy, we should constantly improve, perfect and strengthen the macro-control and supervision over the operation of Chinese and foreign banks, and we must thoroughly separate the policy business of state-owned commercial banks and enhance the degree of commercial operation of commercial banks.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832;F224

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