愤怒情绪对风险决策的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 06:23

本文选题：愤怒 + 框架效应　；参考：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们在生活中每时每刻都需要做出决策,而决策对情绪有重要影响,近年来情绪对于决策的影响逐渐成为决策领域的研究热点。本研究对于情绪影响决策的研究领域的理论和实证研究进行了梳理,发现近二十年来的研究大多是基于情绪效价理论,但是也有研究发现不同的具体情绪对于判断决策有不同影响。本研究选取愤怒这一在生活中经常体验到的情绪来研究具体情绪对风险决策的影响。以往研究中对愤怒情绪是否会导致风险偏好仍然有争议；特别是在具体情绪对风险决策的影响的理论机制解释远未达到统一。大多数研究没有考虑其他影响因素在情绪影响风险决策中的作用,例如性别,决策情景,个体特质等。本研究采用实验研究,试图解决以下问题,一是对愤怒情绪下决策是否出现风险偏好进行实验证明。二是对愤怒情绪下决策时风险偏好的原因例如确定性、可控感进行探讨。三是探讨其他影响因素的例如敢为性对实验结论的影响。本研究包含了三个实验。实验采用影片片段诱发目标情绪后要求被试完成决策任务和风险评估,对被试的冒险得分和风险评估进行统计,分析被试在决策中的冒险倾向。实验一研究愤怒情绪是否会使人产生风险偏好,是否是跨框架效应的风险偏好。研究表明：(1)愤怒情绪状态下的被试在正性框架和负性框架下都表现出了风险偏好选择。(2)愤怒情绪和平静情绪状态下的被试的冒险得分在正性框架下有显著差异,表现为愤怒情绪下的被试冒险得分显著高于平静情绪下的被试,但在负性框架下两者差异不显著。实验二研究确定性、可控性和对风险的乐观估计是否是影响愤怒使人产生风险偏好的因素。研究表明确定性、可控性在情绪影响风险决策的过程中具有影响作用,并且在对确定性、可控性模糊的生活事件发生概率评估中,愤怒情绪下的被试比平静情绪下的被试做出更为乐观的估计,而在对确定性、可控性明确的生活事件发生概率评估中,两者的差异没有达到显著水平。实验三研究个体特质冒险性在情绪影响风险决策中的作用。在个体特质冒险性H项对冒险得分影响的分析中发现,诱发了愤怒和平静这两种具体的情绪后,被试的冒险性个人特质对风险决策的判断选择没有显著影响。研究发现： (1)愤怒情绪下被试做出风险偏好的选择是跨框架一致的,而平静情绪下的被试在风险决策任务中则出现了框架效应。 (2)确定性、可控性在情绪影响风险决策的过程中具有影响作用,并且在确定性、可控性模糊的生活事件发生概率评估中,愤怒情绪下的被试比平静情绪下的被试做出更为乐观的估计,而在确定性、可控性明确的生活事件发生概率评估中,两者的差异没有达到显著水平。 (3)在个体特质冒险性H项对冒险得分影响的分析中发现,诱发了愤怒和平静这两种具体的情绪后,被试的冒险性个人特质对风险决策的判断选择没有显著影响。
[Abstract]:The research on emotion influence decision - making is mostly based on emotion valence theory , but it is also found that different specific emotions have different influence on decision - making .
In particular , the theoretical mechanism of the influence of specific emotion on risk decision - making has not been unified . Most studies do not consider the role of other influencing factors in the risk - making of emotion , such as gender , decision - making situation , individual characteristics , etc .

In this study , we try to solve the following problems , one is to prove the risk preference of decision - making in anger emotion . Second , this paper discusses the causes of risk preference in anger - based decision - making , such as certainty and controllable feeling .

In this study , three experiments were carried out . After the experiment , the target emotion was induced by the film fragment , the decision task and risk assessment were completed , and the risk assessment and risk assessment were analyzed , and the risk - taking tendency in decision - making was analyzed .

The results show that : ( 1 ) Under the positive framework and the negative framework , the test under the condition of anger emotion shows the risk preference selection . ( 2 ) The tested risk score under the condition of anger and calm is significantly higher than that under the positive framework , but the difference between the tested risk scores under the negative framework is not significant .

The study shows that certainty , controllability and optimistic estimation of risk are the factors that affect the risk appetite of people . The study shows that certainty and controllability have an influence on the process of emotional impact risk decision - making , and in the probability assessment of the deterministic and controlled fuzzy life events , the subjects under the angry emotion are more optimistic than those under the calm emotion , while in the probability assessment of the certainty and controllability , the difference of the two is not reached a significant level .

Experiment 3 studies the role of individual trait adventurality in the risk decision - making of emotion influence . In the analysis of the influence of individual characteristic adventive H item on risk score , it is found that after inducing anger and calm these two specific emotions , the personality traits tested have no significant influence on the choice of risk decision - making .

The study found that :

( 1 ) The choice of the risk preference under the angry emotion is consistent across the framework , while the test under calm has the framework effect in the task of risk decision - making .

( 2 ) The certainty and controllability have an influence in the process of emotional impact risk decision - making , and in the probabilistic assessment of the deterministic and controlled fuzzy life events , the subjects under the angry emotion are more optimistic than those under the calm emotion , while in the probabilistic assessment of the certainty and controllability , the difference of the two does not reach a significant level .

( 3 ) In the analysis of the influence of the risk score on the risk score of the individual characteristic , it is found that after the two specific emotions of anger and calm are induced , the personality traits of the tested personality have no significant influence on the choice of risk decision .

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F830.59;F224

【参考文献】