中国农村金融制度绩效与问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 10:54

本文选题：农村金融 + 制度绩效　；参考：《重庆大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文首先介绍了与研究相关的制度变迁理论、制度绩效理论、金融发展理论；然后，对中国农村金融制度绩效进行了理论分析，重点界定了中国农村金融制度绩效的内涵，同时构建了中国农村金融制度绩效评价的基本框架；接着，通过实证分析从定性和定量两个方面对中国农村金融制度绩效进行了评价，并对我国农村金融制度存在的问题进行了诊断；最后讨论了我国农村金融制度问题的根源及其影响，并给出了相关政策建议。 1.研究结论（1）以农村金融与农村经济发展的协调性为视角定性分析中国农村金融制度绩效，结果表明由于我国农村金融与农村经济制度变迁模式在实践、结构以及相互影响上的不协调，导致中国农村金融制度绩效低下，农村金融长期处于制度抑制状态，，中国农村金融与农村经济的发展也长期不协调。（2）运用随机前沿分析方法对我国农村金融制度绩效进行定量分析，实证结果显示1986年-2009年以来我国农村金融制度绩效总体水平不高，但呈逐年增长趋势；同时我国农村金融制度绩效表现出明显的区域差异，东部地区高于中部地区高于西部地区。（3）当前我国农村金融制度安排下大量农村资金流向城市，农村金融组织体系不完善，“三农”服务严重不足，农村金融制度安排未能对现代农村经济发展起到促进作用。这是因为当前的农村金融制度还存在许多问题，具体来讲包括：政府主导农村金融制度变迁；农村金融制度供求矛盾突出；农村金融制度重宏观轻微观；农村金融制度创新动力不足；农村金融制度的普惠性缺乏。（4）中国经济的城乡二元结构以及土地家庭联产承包制度造成了我国农村金融抑制，严重阻碍中国农村金融的发展。农村金融体系的不完善又导致了中国农村金融资源开发滞后，加剧农村金融供给的紧张。这些都使得农村金融制度绩效低下，问题重重，严重阻碍农村经济的发展。 2.政策建议（1）充分调动农村微观主体的主动性。在制度改革中从我国农村正规金融制度和非正规金融制度两方面着手充分调动农村微观主体的主动性，不断改善我国农村金融制度失衡、金融二元化的状况。（2）强化农村金融机构对“三农”的服务力度。通过深化农村信用社改革、科学合理的定位农业发展银行、让中国农业银行以回归“三农”为己任、完善邮政储蓄体系保证农村资金回流等方式强化农村金融机构对“三农”的服务力度。（3）优化农村金融资源配置结构。改善农村金融环境，间接引导农村金融机构加大对农村经济的投入；优化财政支农结构，完善财政支农政策体系，稳步增加财政资金对农业的投入；充分发挥农村固定资产在农民增收方面的积极作用，保持农村固定资产投资较快增长。（4）加强农村金融制度运行中的政策扶持。农村金融制度的运行中财政政策的配合十分重要，具体来讲，可以向金融机构注入资金，扩大持股比例，以改善金融机构的资本金状况；为金融机构剥离不良资产提供帮助；为改变金融机构呆账准备金提取比率和呆账核销办法制定相关政策；建立贷款担保基金等。
[Abstract]:This paper first introduces the theory of institutional change related to the research, the theory of institutional performance and the theory of financial development; then, the theoretical analysis of the performance of China's rural financial system is carried out, and the connotation of the performance of the rural financial system in China is defined, and the basic framework of the performance evaluation of the rural financial system in China is constructed; then, through the analysis, the basic framework of the performance evaluation of China's rural financial system is constructed. The empirical analysis of China's rural financial system performance is evaluated from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative aspects, and the problems existing in the rural financial system in China are diagnosed. Finally, the root and influence of the rural financial system in China are discussed, and some relevant policy suggestions are given.
1. research conclusions
(1) qualitative analysis of the performance of rural financial system in China based on the coordination of rural finance and rural economic development. The result shows that the incoordination between rural financial and rural economic system changes in practice, structure and mutual influence leads to low performance of the rural financial system in China, and the rural finance is under system restraint for a long time. The development of rural finance and rural economy in China has also been out of tune for a long time.
(2) the quantitative analysis of the performance of rural financial system in China using random frontier analysis method, the empirical results show that the overall level of rural financial system performance in China since -2009 1986 is not high, but it is increasing year by year; meanwhile, the performance of rural financial system in China shows obvious regional differences, the eastern region is higher than the central region. It's higher than the western region.
(3) under the current rural financial system, a large number of rural capital flows to the city, the rural financial organization system is not perfect, the "three rural" services are seriously inadequate, and the rural financial system has not played a role in promoting the development of modern rural economy. This is because the current rural financial system still has many problems, specifically including politics. The government dominated rural financial system changes; the contradiction between supply and demand of rural financial system is prominent; the rural financial system is heavy and microcosmic; the innovation motive of rural financial system is insufficient; the rural financial system is poor.
(4) the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas in China and the system of land and family contract contract have caused the rural financial restraint in China, which seriously impede the development of rural finance in China. The imperfect rural financial system has led to the lagging of the development of rural financial resources and the intensification of the supply of rural finance. All these make the performance of the rural financial system. Low and heavy problems seriously hamper the development of rural economy.
2. policy recommendations
(1) fully mobilize the initiative of the rural micro body. In the system reform, we should fully mobilize the initiative of the rural microcosmic main body from the two aspects of the rural formal financial system and the informal financial system, and constantly improve the imbalance of the rural financial system and the two yuan financial situation in the rural areas.
(2) strengthen the service of rural financial institutions to "three rural". Through deepening the reform of rural credit cooperatives, scientifically and rationally positioning the Agricultural Development Bank, the Agricultural Bank of China will return to the "three rural" as its own task, and improve the postal savings system to ensure the reflux of rural funds and other ways to strengthen the service of rural financial institutions to the "three rural".
(3) optimize the allocation structure of rural financial resources, improve the rural financial environment, direct the rural financial institutions to increase the investment in the rural economy, optimize the structure of the financial support for agriculture, improve the financial support for agriculture policy system, steadily increase the investment of the financial funds to agriculture, and give full play to the positive role of the rural fixed assets in the farmers' income increase. The investment in rural fixed assets has increased rapidly.
(4) to strengthen the policy support in the operation of the rural financial system. The coordination of the financial policies in the operation of the rural financial system is very important. In particular, it can inject funds into the financial institutions, expand the share proportion, improve the capital status of the financial institutions, and provide help for the financial institutions to peel off the non-performing assets; and to change the bad debts of the financial institutions. The reserve ratio and the write off method of bad debts have formulated relevant policies, and loan guarantee funds have been set up.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.35

【参考文献】