我国农村金融排除研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:17

本文选题：农村金融排除 + 农村普惠性金融　；参考：《华中农业大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：金融排除在全世界各个国家普遍存在,当前我国农村地区遭受严重的金融排除,表现为农村金融密度偏低,分布不均匀,而且部分农村地区呈现一定程度的“金融沙漠”；农户获取贷款的比例偏低；县域农村地区贷款投放比例低且农村金融机构资金外流严重。农村金融排除对农村社会经济产生了不利的影响,其不仅会导致农村地区金融发展的不均衡；同时,农村金融排除的提高在一定程度上会抑制农村经济增长、加剧农村收入分配的不平等,严重的影响和谐社会主义新农村的构建。农村金融排除导致的后果引起了学者和政策制定者的广泛关注。本文在对我国农村金融排除的诱因及导致的后果进行研究的基础上,提出相应的政策建议来降低农村金融排除,在我国构建普惠性农村金融体系,从而实现我国农村经济的包容性增长。本文坚持描述性分析与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的原则,采用文献研究法、数理统计法、计量模型法、比较分析法揭示了我国农村金融排除的现状,分析了我国农村金融排除的诱因及其导致的后果,最后本文探讨了我国农村金融排除的干预路径。研究的主要结论如下： (1)我国农村金融排除的现状。首先对我国2009年农村金融排除现状进行描述分析得出：全国及各个省份农村金融机构网点分布不均匀且农村金融密度偏低,农村地区资金外流严重、贷款投放比例小,农户及中小企业获取贷款比例偏低。其次,本文采用σ-收敛、β-收敛和“俱乐部收敛”3种分析方法,以IFE(金融排除指数)为衡量指标,对我国农村金融排除的收敛性进行了分析,并对影响农村金融排除的关键因素进行了条件β-收敛的检验。研究表明：我国农村地区金融排除总体存在σ收敛并表现出明显的β绝对收敛特征。控制地理位置、人均GDP、城镇化比例、受教育水平、城乡收入差距、信息技术、就业率和商业环境后,我国农村地区金融排除表现出条件β收敛；东、中、西三大地区不存在俱乐部收敛,即东、西部地区呈现发散,中部地区表现收敛。 (2)我国农村金融排除的诱因。本文使用来自我国县级层面的数据,经验性地分析了影响农村金融排除的因素。研究结果表明：表征社会经济特征的人均收入、就业率、教育水平、商业化程度、城镇化比例、政府对经济发展的支持力度等越高,农村金融排除越低；用城乡收入差距表示的不平等程度越高,农村金融排除越高；信息技术使用比例越高,农村金融排除越低；中西部地区、少数民族地区更有可能遭受较高的农村金融排除。 (3)我国农村金融排除的后果。我国农村金融排除对农村生产率影响的实证表明：我国农村金融排除对农村生产率的影响为负,组成农村金融排除的贷款使用效用维度和产品接触维度的排除抑制了农村生产率增长,中部地区农村金融排除的生产率效应为负；我国农村金融排除对城乡收入差距影响的实证表明：农村金融排除的上升会扩大城乡收入差距,而且非农产业比例高的县(市),农村金融排除的上升会缩小城乡收入差距,东、西部地区农村金融排除扩大了城乡收入差距；我国农村金融排除对农户收入影响的实证表明：我国农村金融排除对农户收入具有显著的抑制效应,组成农村金融排除的地理渗透性和产品接触性与农户收入负相关；储蓄和贷款服务的使用效用性和农户收入正相关,原因在于我国县域农村金融发展存在结构和功能失衡。东部地区农村金融排除和农户收入负相关,而中、西部地区农村金融排除和农户收入正相关。 (4)我国农村金融排除的干预路径。本文提出了从村镇银行和电子化金融服务的发展两个方面来应对我国农村金融排除。村镇银行在应对我国农村金融排除中发挥了积极作用,但是村镇银行的发展也面临着一些困境,通过对影响我国村镇银行网点选址因素的研究结果表明：表征社会经济特征的人均收入、地方财政支出、城镇固定资产投资、城镇化比例、就业人数和村镇银行网点选址正相关。表示竞争优势的第一产业增加值和村镇银行网点选址正相关。此外,村镇银行选址偏好于信息化水平高的地方。因此,要加大对村镇银行的政策支持,激励其到贫困地区积极开展涉农业务；同时要发展农业产业,着力培育整合大型农业企业；要加大信息推广力度,以推动我国村镇银行的发展；电子化金融通过提供便利的、可支付的和可接近的农村金融服务来减轻农村金融排除。印度、肯尼亚、巴西和菲律宾的电子化金融服务发展经验值得借鉴。在农村地区发展电子化金融服务具有成本优势和技术优势,我国农村地区发展电子化金融服务具备良好的政策环境、经济环境、社会环境和技术环境。电子化金融服务在我国农村部分地区也得到成功的推广和应用。村镇银行和电子化金融服务的发展将会减轻我国农村金融排除,从而推动我国农村普惠性金融体系的构建。
[Abstract]:The financial exclusion is common in all countries of the world. At present, the rural areas in our country suffer from serious financial exclusion, which shows that the rural financial density is low, the distribution is uneven, and some rural areas present a certain degree of "financial desert"; the proportion of farmers to obtain loans is low; the proportion of rural areas in rural areas is low and farmers are low in proportion and farmers. The financial outflow of the village financial institutions is serious. The rural financial exclusion has a negative impact on the rural social economy, which not only leads to the unbalanced financial development in rural areas. At the same time, the improvement of rural financial exclusion will inhibit the rural economic growth to a certain extent, aggravate the inequality of the rural income distribution, and seriously affect the harmonious society. The consequences of rural financial exclusion have aroused extensive attention of scholars and policymakers. On the basis of the study of the causes and consequences of Rural Financial Exclusion in China, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions to reduce rural financial exclusion and build a inclusive rural financial system in China. To realize the inclusive growth of the rural economy in China.
This article adheres to the combination of descriptive analysis and empirical analysis, the principle of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, using literature research, mathematical statistics, measurement model, and comparative analysis to reveal the current situation of Rural Financial Exclusion in China, analyzes the causes and consequences of Rural Financial Exclusion in our country, and finally discusses the results of this paper. The main conclusions of the study are as follows:
(1) the current situation of Rural Financial Exclusion in China. First, the status of Rural Financial Exclusion in China in 2009 is described and analyzed. It is concluded that the distribution of rural financial institutions in the country and all provinces is uneven and the rural financial density is low, the capital outflow in rural areas is serious, the proportion of loans is small, and the proportion of farmers and small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain loans is low. Secondly, this paper uses 3 analytical methods of sigma convergence, beta convergence and "club convergence", taking IFE (Financial Exclusion index) as a measure index, analyses the convergence of Rural Financial Exclusion in China, and tests the key factors that affect rural financial exclusion. In addition to the overall existence of sigma convergence and showing obvious beta absolute convergence characteristics. Controlling geographical location, per capita GDP, urbanization ratio, education level, urban and rural income gap, information technology, employment rate and business environment, the financial exclusion of rural areas of our country shows conditional beta convergence; East, middle, and West three regions do not exist club convergence, that is East, The western region is divergent and the central region is convergent.
(2) the inducement of Rural Financial Exclusion in China. This paper empirically analyses the factors that affect rural financial exclusion by using data from the county level in China. The results show that the higher the per capita income, the employment rate, the education level, the degree of commercialization, the proportion of town and town, and the government's support for the economic development. The lower the Rural Financial Exclusion, the higher the inequality expressed by the urban-rural income gap, the higher the Rural Financial Exclusion, the higher the use of information technology, the lower the Rural Financial Exclusion, and the higher Rural Financial Exclusion in the middle and western regions.
(3) the consequences of Rural Financial Exclusion in China. The empirical evidence of the effect of Rural Financial Exclusion on rural productivity shows that the effect of Rural Financial Exclusion on rural productivity is negative. The utility dimension and product contact dimension of Rural Financial Exclusion inhibit rural productivity growth and rural finance in the central region. The effect of excluding productivity is negative, and the effect of Rural Financial Exclusion on urban and rural income gap shows that the rise of rural financial exclusion will expand the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the county (city) with high proportion of non agricultural industry, the rise of rural financial exclusion will narrow the gap between urban and rural income, and the Rural Financial Exclusion in the East and the West enlarges the city. The impact of Rural Financial Exclusion on Farmers' income shows that rural financial exclusion has a significant inhibitory effect on Farmers' income, and the geographical permeability and product contact of rural financial exclusion are negatively related to the income of farmers, and the utility of savings and loan services is positively related to the income of farmers. The reason lies in the imbalance of structure and function in the rural financial development in the county of China. The Rural Financial Exclusion in the eastern region is negatively related to the income of farmers in the eastern region, and the Rural Financial Exclusion in the western region is positively related to the income of the farmers.
(4) the intervention path of Rural Financial Exclusion in China. This paper puts forward two aspects of rural banking and electronic financial services to deal with Rural Financial Exclusion in China. Village banks have played a positive role in dealing with the Rural Financial Exclusion in China, but the development of village banks is also facing some difficulties, through the influence of the village of our country The research results of the location factors of the town bank points show that the per capita income, the local financial expenditure, the urban fixed assets investment, the proportion of urbanization, the number of employment and the site selection of the village bank network are positively related to the social and economic characteristics. The location preference is in the place where the information level is high. Therefore, we should strengthen the policy support to the village and town banks, encourage them to actively carry out the agricultural business in the poor areas, develop the agricultural industry, cultivate and integrate the large agricultural enterprises, and increase the information popularization to promote the development of the village and town banks in our country. For the convenience, payment and accessibility of rural financial services to reduce rural financial exclusion. The development experience of electronic financial services in India, Kenya, Brazil and Philippines should be used for reference. The development of electronic financial services in rural areas has the advantages of cost and technology, and the development of electronic financial services in rural areas in China has the advantages of electronic financial services. Good policy environment, economic environment, social environment and technological environment. Electronic financial services have also been successfully promoted and applied in some rural areas of China.
The development of village banks and electronic financial services will alleviate the exclusion of rural finance in China, thus promoting the construction of inclusive financial system in rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.35;F224

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