中国银行农安支行中小企业信贷风险控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 14:56

【摘要】：对我国经济发展现阶段来说，中小企业的能否健康发展对我国经济体系发展的过程有着非常重要的现实意义：一方面我国大型企业融资渠道逐渐增加，商业银行对于大客户的竞争成本高，所获得利益有限，另一方面，我国中小企业的发展是非常迅速，是带动我国国民经济增长的几大主要动力之一，已经成为我国国民经济发展的重要组成部分，无论是在产品的技术创新，产业结构调整，区域经济的快速发展，解决我国就业率问题和农村劳动力等方面都发挥着重要作用。大中小企业的划分主要是根据不同行业的企业规模而进行的，因此中小企业的定义是相对而言的，即从企业的人员总体数量、资产规模的发展情况和经营范围的大小都相对较小的经济单位，并且在不同国家、不同经济发展的各个阶段、不同行业来说，全世界对于中小企业的概念界定标准是存在一定差异的。我国政府部门自从08年的全球性金融危机后，陆续根据我国的国情出台了一系列扶持中小企业的政策，但是由于中小企业自身、银行、法制、社会信用等诸多因素的影响，我国中小企业融资难的问题依然十分突出，尤其是商业银行在现阶段对中小企业贷款的风险控制方面，还有待进一步提高。中国银行N支行成立短短不到两年时间，近期内发展战略上主要是以发展扩大占有N当地银行业务市场份额为主要目标，兼顾银行资产安全性和可盈利性，同时为N县中小企业提供贷款资源，为N县域金融业务作出了突出贡献。为了更好的做好中小企业信贷业务，探讨中小企业信贷风险的成因和研究中小企业信贷风险控制就显得十分必要。商业银行如果能够用有效风险控制来对我国现阶段的中小企业信贷业务的各种可能存在的风险进行规避，就能有效促进商业银行在中小企业信贷业务领域的的发展瓶颈。在此背景下，以中国银行N支行为例，对其中小企业信贷风险控制进行研究，有助于提高中小企业贷款业务风险控制能力，对实现商业银行的中小企业信贷业务的可持续发展和健康发展有着深远意义。本文首先对商业银行信贷业务的风险控制现状进行了分析，并对中小企业融资难问题进行了简要的阐述，这其中主要从中小企业经营的自身特点出发，对中小企业在银行信贷业务中存在的不足进行剖析，然后，对现阶段中小企业贷款存在的问题进行了归类分析，最后从商业银行和中小企业两个角度对中小企业信贷风险控制按照贷款的时间顺序分为贷款前、贷款中、和贷款后进行分析，发现现行模式贷前对于贷款对象的分析过于公式化，不能很好的针对客户进行有侧重的审批，且过于依赖财务报表；贷中的了解不深，容易产生信息不对称；贷后监管阶段流程存在因为落实不到位等原因，，导致中小企业信贷业务存在风险不能及时发现等问题。针对以上问题，本文通过分析提出了改进的思路和操作流程的改进方法，主要是：贷款前细化客户调查，通过对非财务因素的了解加深对企业的掌握；创新中小企业信贷产品，提高贷款的针对性，提升对中小企业贷款的个性化服务质量；采用科学的贷后监督流程，并加强贷后监管的力度和监管范围，改进现有管理流程，建立更加合理和可操作性强的中小企业信贷补充机制等。
[Abstract]:At the present stage of China's economic development, the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises has a very important practical significance to the process of China's economic system development: on the one hand, the financing channels of large enterprises in China are gradually increasing, commercial banks have a high cost of competition for large customers, and the benefits are limited, on the other hand, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The exhibition is very fast, and it is one of the main driving forces to promote the national economic growth. It has become an important part of the national economic development in China. It plays an important role in the technical innovation of products, the adjustment of industrial structure, the rapid development of regional economy, the solution of the employment rate problem and the rural labor force. The division of large and medium-sized enterprises is mainly based on the size of enterprises in different industries, so the definition of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively speaking, that is, economic units with relatively small size in terms of the total number of employees, the development of assets and the scope of operation, and in different countries and different stages of economic development. There are some differences in defining standards for SMEs in different industries all over the world. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, our government departments have issued a series of policies to support SMEs according to China's national conditions, but because of SMEs themselves, banks, legal system, social credit and many other factors. The impact of SMEs financing is still very prominent, especially commercial banks in the current stage of SMEs loan risk control, still need to be further improved.
Bank of China N Branch has been established for less than two years. In the near future, the main development strategy is to develop and expand the market share of the local banking business in N County, taking into account the security and profitability of bank assets, and providing loans for small and medium-sized enterprises in N County, which has made outstanding contributions to the financial business in N County. It is very necessary to do well the credit business of SMEs, discuss the causes of credit risk of SMEs and study the control of credit risk of SMEs. In this context, taking Bank of China as an example, the study on the credit risk control of SMEs will help to improve the risk control ability of SMEs'loan business, and will have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development and healthy development of SMEs' credit business of commercial banks. Significance.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation of risk control of commercial bank credit business, and briefly expounds the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of small and medium-sized enterprises in bank credit business mainly from the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. Then, it analyzes the loan and deposit of small and medium-sized enterprises at this stage. At last, the paper classifies and analyzes the credit risk control of SMEs from two angles of commercial banks and SMEs according to the time sequence of loans, which are pre-loan, during-loan and post-loan. It is found that the analysis of the loan object in the current model is too formulaic to be well targeted at customers. Re-examination and approval, and too much reliance on financial statements; loans in the understanding is not deep, easy to produce asymmetric information; post-loan supervision process because the implementation is not in place, resulting in small and medium-sized enterprises credit business risks can not be found in time and other issues. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward improvement ideas and operational flow through analysis. Cheng's improvement methods mainly include: refining customer survey before loan, deepening the mastery of enterprises through understanding non-financial factors; innovating credit products for SMEs, improving the pertinence of loans, improving the personalized service quality of loans for SMEs; adopting scientific post-loan supervision process, and strengthening the strength and supervision of post-loan supervision. To manage the scope, improve the existing management process, and establish a more reasonable and operational SME credit supplement mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4;F276.3

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