基于综合经营视角的商业银行竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 17:27

【摘要】：商业银行竞争力一直是研究机构和广大学者以及金融从业者们关心的课题。经过改革开放三十年的发展,我国金融业发生了很大的变化。尤其是我国加入WTO和国内金融市场全面对外开放后,金融课题的研究变得更具有实际意义。金融业与一个国家的经济和社会发展息息相关,它的有效运转可以促进经济的发展并能增加社会总福利。金融业主要包括银行业、证券业和保险业三个子行业,而银行业是三子个行业中极其重要的一个行业,因此本文在具体研究过程中将研究目标定位在银行产业。由于金融综合经营涉及到整个金融产业集群,研究过程离不开对其他相关产业的分析,因此本论文面向金融产业集群,通过综合经营的视角考察了我国银行产业的发展历程及现状。随着国内金融市场全面对外开放和外资银行机构的进入,国内金融市场和产业结构都发生了很大变化,商业银行不仅要面对来自国内银行间的竞争,还要面对来自外资银行机构的竞争。国内商业银行除了保持原有的竞争优势外,更要借助于金融市场的开放,吸取国外银行机构的优点来提高自身国际竞争力,才能在世界金融市场中立于不败之地。因此论文在研究国内银行产业时,充分考虑到金融开放背景要素,将外资银行作为研究对象进行了中外对比分析,从提高产业国际竞争力的角度对国内银行业进行了系统分析。通过对中外金融业经营模式的对比研究发现,中外银行机构在经营模式上存在根本不同。国外许多大型商业银行实行的是混业经营模式,即银行业务与证券、保险业务以及实业融合在一起,实行混合经营。而我国金融业受金融监管和法律等因素影响,实行的是分业经营模式,各行业之间有严格的业务限制,因此银行在经营模式和经营范围上与外资银行都有着很多区别。沿着这个方向继续研究发现,国内金融机构事实上已不同程度地开展了混业经营,过去十多年来,国内许多金融机构为了提高国际竞争力,通过在境外设立控股公司然后再迂回进入国内市场,开展原来受限的其他金融业务,形成了事实上的混业经营。但是按照法律和监管条例,我国金融业经营模式目前主要为分业经营模式。因此就出现了综合经营这个概念。已有学者定义综合经营模式为分业经营向混业经营转型的一种过渡模式。本文借用已有学者的概念,对其进行了扩展延伸,将综合经营概念扩展为多元化经营、混业经营和国际综合经营三个层次,将已有的关于商业银行多元化经营、混业经营、金融开放问题研究等研究成果综合起来,从产业竞争力角度对我国银行产业进行了系统研究。基于上述背景和视角,论文选取产业经济学中的SCP范式分析法对我国商业银行竞争力进行了综合研究,通过对国内银行业市场结构、市场行为与市场绩效的研究分析市场结构与市场行为及市场绩效之间的关系。论文对国内银行业市场结构进行了详细测度与分析,分析了商业银行之间的行为差异及外资机构给国内银行机构带来的影响,并对部分商业银行绩效进行了综合评价。详细内容展开如下： 1、国内商业银行经营模式与综合经营水平研究首先对国内银行业经营模式发展历程及现状进行文献研究。从金融监管制度、法律因素等方面分析中外商业银行经营模式和经营水平存在的差距。分析存在差距的主要要素,通过选取要素对国内商业银行综合经营水平进行了测度与分析。并进一步对商业银行国内竞争力及国际竞争力进行了分析。 2、通过SCP范式分析法对我国银行业市场结构、行为和绩效进行研究主要通过产业经济学理论中的SCP范式分析法对我国银行业市场结构和企业行为及绩效进行了测度和分析。通过市场集中度、规模成本进入壁垒等指标对我国银行业市场结构进行了详细测度,分析我国银行业的市场结构特征；进一步,对银行企业行为包括价格行为、市场营销行为、组织调整行为等进行了对比分析,通过对银行卡业务、国际结算业务等实证研究结果分析了国内银行之间行为差异和与外资银行在国际化综合经营业务方面差异；最后通过DEA模型和SFA模型对我国商业银行绩效进行了评价。 3、构建了我国商业银行综合竞争力评价指标体系,通过因子分析法对我国商业银行综合竞争力进行了评价。并与世界著名杂志《银行家》排名结果进行了对比分析。本文可能的创新点大致概括如下： 1、从产业经济学视角来对银行竞争力进行研究。国内外机构和学者关于商业银行竞争力评价的研究很多,指标体系也相对完善,但是评价的结果却存在诸多不同。本文从产业经济学视角来对商业银行竞争力进行研究,从产业市场结构分析到微观企业行为分析到绩效评价,分析结果更透彻,结论更客观,研究过程更全面。 2、从综合经营视角系统地对商业银行竞争力进行了评价。综合经营不仅从微观上能给金融机构带来规模经济和范围经济,从帕累托角度分析,也能给整个社会福利带来最大化效益。它可以有效地整合社会资源,提高资源利用率,满足企业和个人多样化、一体化金融服务需求,并能有效地规避风险,提高企业抗风险能力。随着信息技术和金融自由化以及全球化的发展趋势,越来越多的国家和地区实施金融混业经营。随着国际竞争的日益激烈,金融创新产品层出不穷,金融综合经营的优势正在不断凸显,也是新时期金融业发展的趋势,更成为了金融业未来发展的潜在竞争优势。随着我国金融市场全面对外开放,我国银行业要想在国际上占据优势,必须加快综合化经营进程。论文从综合经营大趋势视角,结合金融开放背景要素系统地对我国商业银行业综合经营水平以及竞争力进行了研究,进行了纵向以及横向对比研究。金融综合经营是世界金融市场发展趋势,也是商业银行潜在竞争力的重要组成部分。已有的许多文献也对商业银行的多元化经营程度进行了研究分析,本文的优势在于扩展了原有的多元化经营视角,通过多要素的分析对商业银行竞争力进行了全面系统评价,并对综合经营概念进行了具体界定和广义延伸。 3、综合运用多种方法对商业银行竞争力进行了评价,实现了方法集成创新。商业银行竞争力评价方法有多种。论文对各种评价方法进行了对比研究,发现数据包络分析法(DEA)适合于商业银行绩效评价,因子分析法(FAM)适合综合评价。据包络分析法对量纲的要求相对简单而变得极易应用,但是它对样本量和指标的要求相对较高,通常样本数据应不少于指标变量数的2倍。由于本文主要研究对象为5家大型商业银行和12家股份制商业银行,样本量较少。而商业银行综合评价时需要考察赢利性指标、流动性指标、安全性指标、稳定性以及资产质量等多个指标,且在数据处理时还要进行相关性检验剔除某些数据,这样就存在样本数少而指标变量多问题,评价的结果变得不够科学和稳定。因此,本文仅选取据包络分析法对商业银行绩效从投入产出角度进行了评价。而选择因子分析法对商业银行综合竞争力进行了评价。因子分析法与层次分析法(AHP)都是比较适合系统综合评价的方法,但是层次分析法需要设计问卷通过专家打分法来确定各层次指标权重系数,操作复杂且容易有主观因素,而因子分析法权重系数可以通过因子贡献率来计算,易操作且避免了主观不确定因素,因此本文在综合评价各方法优劣的基础上选择了因子分析法对商业银行综合竞争力进行了评价,并与据包络分析法评价结果和《银行家》杂志排名结果进行了对比分析,综合多种方法进行的多维度的分析与评价,结果更加科学与全面,避免了单一评价法带来的不确定性。
[Abstract]:The competitiveness of commercial banks has always been a topic of concern to research institutions, scholars and financial practitioners. After 30 years of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's financial industry. It is closely related to a country's economic and social development, and its effective operation can promote economic development and increase social welfare. The financial industry mainly includes three sub-industries: banking, securities and insurance, and banking is an extremely important industry among the three sub-industries. Therefore, this paper will study in the specific research process. As the financial comprehensive management involves the whole financial industrial cluster, the research process can not be separated from the analysis of other related industries, so this paper, facing the financial industrial cluster, investigates the development process and current situation of China's banking industry through the perspective of comprehensive management. With the entry of foreign banking institutions, the domestic financial market and industrial structure have undergone great changes. Commercial banks should not only face competition from domestic banks, but also from foreign banking institutions. The advantages of banking institutions to enhance their international competitiveness in the world financial markets in order to be invincible. Therefore, when studying the domestic banking industry, fully considering the background factors of financial opening, this paper makes a comparative analysis of foreign banks at home and abroad, and from the perspective of improving the international competitiveness of the industry to domestic banks. Industry is systematically analyzed.
Through the comparative study of the operation modes of Chinese and foreign financial industry, it is found that there are fundamental differences in the operation modes between Chinese and foreign banking institutions. Law and other factors affect the implementation of a separate business model, there are strict business restrictions between the various industries, so banks in the business model and scope of operation and foreign banks have many differences. In order to improve the international competitiveness, many financial institutions in China have formed a de facto mixed operation by setting up holding companies abroad and then circuitously entering the domestic market to carry out other previously restricted financial businesses. The concept of comprehensive management has been put forward.Some scholars have defined the comprehensive management mode as a transitional mode from separate operation to mixed operation.This paper borrows the concepts of existing scholars and extends them. This paper makes a systematic study of the banking industry in China from the perspective of industrial competitiveness.
Based on the above background and perspective, this paper chooses the SCP paradigm analysis method in industrial economics to conduct a comprehensive study on the competitiveness of commercial banks in China. Through the research on the market structure, market behavior and market performance of domestic banking industry, this paper analyzes the relationship between market structure, market behavior and market performance. The structure is measured and analyzed in detail. The differences between commercial banks and the impact of foreign banks on domestic banking institutions are analyzed. The performance of some commercial banks is evaluated comprehensively.
1, domestic commercial banks' management mode and comprehensive management level.
Firstly, this paper makes a literature study on the development process and current situation of domestic banking business model. From the aspects of financial supervision system and legal factors, this paper analyzes the disparity between Chinese and foreign commercial banks in business model and operation level. Furthermore, the domestic competitiveness and international competitiveness of commercial banks are further analyzed.
2, we study the market structure, behavior and performance of China's banking industry through the SCP paradigm.
This paper mainly measures and analyzes the market structure and corporate behavior and performance of China's banking industry through the SCP Paradigm Analysis in the theory of industrial economics. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the bank's corporate behavior including price behavior, marketing behavior and organizational adjustment behavior, and analyzes the differences between domestic banks and foreign banks in international integrated business through empirical research results such as bank card business and international settlement business. This paper evaluates the performance of China's commercial banks.
3. The evaluation index system of comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks in China is constructed, and the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks in China is evaluated by factor analysis, and the results are compared with the ranking results of world famous magazine Bankers.
The possible innovations in this paper can be summarized as follows:
1. To study the competitiveness of commercial banks from the perspective of industrial economics. There are many studies on the competitiveness evaluation of commercial banks by domestic and foreign institutions and scholars, and the index system is relatively perfect, but there are many differences in the evaluation results. From micro-enterprise behavior analysis to performance evaluation, the analysis result is more thorough, the conclusion is more objective and the research process is more comprehensive.
2. This paper systematically evaluates the competitiveness of commercial banks from the perspective of comprehensive management. Comprehensive management can not only bring economies of scale and scope to financial institutions, but also maximize the benefits to the whole social welfare from the perspective of Pareto. It can effectively integrate social resources, improve the utilization of resources and meet the needs of enterprises. With the development trend of information technology, financial liberalization and globalization, more and more countries and regions are implementing financial mixed operation. With the increasingly fierce international competition, financial innovative products emerge in endlessly, and financial integration. The advantages of joint venture are becoming increasingly prominent, and it is also the trend of the development of the financial industry in the new era. It has become the potential competitive advantage of the future development of the financial industry. This paper systematically studies the comprehensive management level and competitiveness of China's commercial banks under the background of financial openness, and makes longitudinal and horizontal comparative studies. The advantage of this paper is that it expands the original perspective of diversification, evaluates the competitiveness of commercial banks comprehensively and systematically through the analysis of multi-factors, and defines the concept of comprehensive management concretely and extends it in a broad sense.
3. Comprehensive use of a variety of methods to evaluate the competitiveness of commercial banks to achieve integrated innovation. Commercial banks competitiveness evaluation methods have a variety of papers on a comparative study of various evaluation methods, found that data envelopment analysis (DEA) is suitable for commercial banks performance evaluation, factor analysis (FAM) is suitable for comprehensive evaluation. The requirement of dimension is relatively simple and easy to apply, but the requirement of sample size and index is relatively high. Normally, the sample data should be no less than two times the number of index variables. It is necessary to examine the profitability index, liquidity index, security index, stability and asset quality and other indicators, and to test the correlation of data processing to eliminate some data, so there are a few samples and index variables, evaluation results become not scientific and stable. The analysis method evaluates the performance of commercial banks from the angle of input and output, while the factor analysis method evaluates the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks. Both the factor analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are suitable for the comprehensive evaluation of the system, but the analytic hierarchy process needs to design questionnaires to determine the various levels through the expert scoring method. The index weight coefficient is complicated to operate and easy to have subjective factors, and the factor analysis method weight coefficient can be calculated by factor contribution rate, which is easy to operate and avoid subjective uncertainties. Therefore, this paper chooses factor analysis method to evaluate the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and compares it with other methods. The results of envelope analysis are compared with those of Bankers magazine ranking. The results of multi-dimensional analysis and evaluation are more scientific and comprehensive, and the uncertainty caused by single evaluation method is avoided.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.33;F224

【参考文献】