清至民国徽州钱会性质及规制之演化——基于婺源县钱会文书的分析

发布时间：2018-11-28 11:28

【摘要】：清至民国婺源钱会组织性质及规制发生了重要变化。晚清钱会基本是小农经济互助组织,进入民国,婺源钱会小农经济的互助组织色彩渐淡,而民间融资功能渐强。与晚清相比,民国时期的婺源钱会不仅数量增加,而且规模日渐扩大。钱会规制也日臻成熟和规范,民间已经形成了相对一致的利息标准,同时又有相对灵活的变通机制。民国时期的钱会已经有了防止倒会的措施,钱会参与者往往会以一定数量的田地财产抵押于整个钱会,以保障整个钱会的正常运行,这使得钱会某种程度上具备了"法人"资格。钱会规制的整齐性和灵活性并存的事实,恰恰反映出民国时期钱会发展已日臻成熟。钱会已经成为民国婺源小农家庭普遍的借贷集资形式,是婺源基层民众日常经济模式的重要组成部分。钱会的发展历程,显示出民国时期的民间经济复杂程度远超清晚期,不能一概视之。
[Abstract]:From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the organization nature and regulation of the money association have undergone important changes. In the late Qing Dynasty, the money will basically be the small peasant economy mutual aid organization, entering the Republic of China, Wuyuan money will small peasant economy mutual aid organization color gradually fade, and the folk financing function gradually strong. Compared with the late Qing Dynasty, the money in Wuyuan in the Republic of China period not only increased in quantity, but also expanded in scale. The regulation of money will become more mature and standardized, the folk has formed a relatively consistent interest standard, but also has a relatively flexible mechanism. During the Republic of China, money had already been put in place to prevent it. The participants would often mortgage the whole society with a certain amount of land property in order to ensure the normal operation of the whole money society. This gives money a certain degree of "legal person" qualification. The fact that money will regulate neatly and flexibly reflects the maturity of money development in the Republic of China. Money society has become a common form of borrowing and raising funds for small peasant families in Wuyuan, and it is an important part of the daily economic model of grass-roots people in Wuyuan. The development of the money Society shows that the civil economy of the Republic of China was much more complicated than that of the late Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：南昌大学人文学院;
【基金】：黄志繁主持的教育部规划基金项目《清至民国婺源县契约文书的收集、整理与初步研究——以村落为单位》(项目批准号09YJA770026)阶段性成果之一香港特别行政区大学教育资助委员会卓越学科领域计划(第五轮):“中国社会的历史人类学研究”的资助~~
【分类号】：K251;F832.9

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