新形势下商业银行民营房地产开发贷款的风险管控策略研究
发布时间：2018-11-29 14:15
【摘要】：房地产行业是与我国国民经济中其他行业关联度较高的行业,其平稳、健康运行对国民经济稳定发展意义重大。随着我国经济的发展，人均可支配收入的增长、城市化进程的加快，我国房地产市场得到了快速发展，房地产开发投资逐年升高。而作为房地产项目开发的主要资金来源的房地产开发贷款，其在商业银行贷款中的占比不断增长的同时，其风险也在不断集聚。 受益于房地产行业的高速发展，近几年，民营房地产企业也如雨后春笋，渐渐地在行业内崭露头角。随着民营房地产企业在房地产行业市场份额逐渐加大，民营房地产开发贷款在银行房地产贷款中的比重也日益增长，这也对商业银行授信风险管控提出新的课题。 继2010年国务院出台的《新国十条》和《新国五条》之后，2011年，国家继续坚持“抑需求增供给”的调控思路，出台《新国八条》，此轮调控的主要特征是：调整政策出台频率较高、调控政策力度较大、调控的决心较为坚决，目前，政策调控的效果已经较好显现，房地产市场持续低迷，部分房地产企业面临资金链断裂的风险，商业银行房地产授信资产质量面临巨大挑战。 房地产行业属于资本密集型行业，房地产开发贷款本身就具有金额大、期限长、政策性风险和市场风险较为突出等特征，而民营房地产企业还存在资产负债率较高、重复融资、道德风险较大、信息透明度低等问题，故商业银行民营房地产企业开发贷款授信管理难度较大。又由于金融市场的竞争日益激烈，部分商业银行迫于经营业绩的需要，存在盲目争抢项目、盲目寻求市场份额，对民营房地产企业风险意识淡薄、风险管控措施较为薄弱的现象。加之我国信贷风险控制体系亟待完善、立法环节尚不健全，商业银行民营房地产企业开发贷款存在较大的风险隐患。 本文从房地产行业的特点及行业现状出发，结合民营房地产企业融资存在的问题、商业银行房地产贷款实际案例，联系现阶段房地产行业的调控形势，分析商业银行民营房地产企业开发贷款存在的风险隐患，进而归纳出商业银行民营房地产企业开发贷款的风险管理步骤和流程，并针对民营房地产企业融资存在的问题，创新地提出民营房地产企业开发贷款的风险管控策略改进建议，首先，在传统的借款企业准入机制基础上，增加项目准入机制，严格挑选优质项目进行叙做；其次，提出通过抗风险测试，对民营房地产企业开发贷款的还款能力进行评价；第三，针对民营房地产企业道德风险、违约率较高等问题，提出了解决方案；最后，提出了通过预警信息分析机制，降低商业银行对民营房地产企业开发贷款风险控制的滞后性。促进商业房地产行业授信健康、和谐、平稳发展，确保我国金融体系安全及国民经济稳定向前发展。
[Abstract]:The real estate industry is highly related to other industries in the national economy of our country. Its steady and healthy operation is of great significance to the steady development of the national economy. With the development of China's economy, the increase of per capita disposable income and the acceleration of urbanization, the real estate market in China has been developing rapidly, and the investment in real estate development has increased year by year. As the main source of real estate project development, real estate development loan accounts for a growing proportion of commercial bank loans, and its risks are also gathering. Benefited from the rapid development of the real estate industry, in recent years, private real estate enterprises are also springing up, gradually emerging in the industry. With the increasing market share of private real estate enterprises in the real estate industry, the proportion of private real estate development loans in bank real estate loans is also increasing. Following the State Council's "New country Ten" and "New State five" issued in 2010, in 2011, the state continued to adhere to the idea of "suppressing demand and increasing supply" and issued the "New country eight articles". The main characteristics of this round of regulation and control are as follows: the adjustment policy is issued with a high frequency, the intensity of the adjustment policy is relatively strong, and the determination of the regulation and control is relatively firm. At present, the effect of the policy regulation and control has shown well, and the real estate market has continued to be depressed. Some real estate enterprises face the risk of capital chain breakage and commercial banks face huge challenges in the quality of real estate credit assets. The real estate industry belongs to the capital-intensive industry, and the real estate development loan itself has the characteristics of large amount of money, long term, prominent policy risk and market risk, while private real estate enterprises also have high ratio of assets and liabilities, repeated financing, etc. Due to the problems of high moral hazard and low information transparency, it is difficult for private real estate enterprises to develop loan credit management in commercial banks. Because of the increasingly fierce competition in the financial market, some commercial banks are forced to compete blindly for the project, seek market share blindly, and have a weak sense of risk to the private real estate enterprises. The phenomenon of weak risk control measures. In addition, the credit risk control system of our country needs to be improved urgently, the legislation link is not perfect, the commercial bank private real estate enterprise development loan has the bigger risk hidden danger. Based on the characteristics of the real estate industry and the current situation of the real estate industry, combined with the problems existing in the financing of the private real estate enterprises, the real estate loan cases of commercial banks, the regulation and control situation of the real estate industry at the present stage, This paper analyzes the hidden risks of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, sums up the risk management steps and processes of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, and aims at the problems existing in the financing of private real estate enterprises. Firstly, on the basis of the traditional access mechanism of loan enterprises, we should increase the project access mechanism and strictly select high-quality projects for classification; Secondly, the paper puts forward to evaluate the repayment ability of private real estate enterprises through risk-resistant tests. Third, the paper puts forward solutions to the problems of moral hazard and high default rate of private real estate enterprises. Finally, the paper puts forward a mechanism of early warning information analysis to reduce the lag of commercial banks in controlling the risk of private real estate enterprises' development loans. To promote the healthy, harmonious and steady development of the commercial real estate industry, to ensure the security of our financial system and the steady development of the national economy.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.45
本文编号：2365214
[Abstract]:The real estate industry is highly related to other industries in the national economy of our country. Its steady and healthy operation is of great significance to the steady development of the national economy. With the development of China's economy, the increase of per capita disposable income and the acceleration of urbanization, the real estate market in China has been developing rapidly, and the investment in real estate development has increased year by year. As the main source of real estate project development, real estate development loan accounts for a growing proportion of commercial bank loans, and its risks are also gathering. Benefited from the rapid development of the real estate industry, in recent years, private real estate enterprises are also springing up, gradually emerging in the industry. With the increasing market share of private real estate enterprises in the real estate industry, the proportion of private real estate development loans in bank real estate loans is also increasing. Following the State Council's "New country Ten" and "New State five" issued in 2010, in 2011, the state continued to adhere to the idea of "suppressing demand and increasing supply" and issued the "New country eight articles". The main characteristics of this round of regulation and control are as follows: the adjustment policy is issued with a high frequency, the intensity of the adjustment policy is relatively strong, and the determination of the regulation and control is relatively firm. At present, the effect of the policy regulation and control has shown well, and the real estate market has continued to be depressed. Some real estate enterprises face the risk of capital chain breakage and commercial banks face huge challenges in the quality of real estate credit assets. The real estate industry belongs to the capital-intensive industry, and the real estate development loan itself has the characteristics of large amount of money, long term, prominent policy risk and market risk, while private real estate enterprises also have high ratio of assets and liabilities, repeated financing, etc. Due to the problems of high moral hazard and low information transparency, it is difficult for private real estate enterprises to develop loan credit management in commercial banks. Because of the increasingly fierce competition in the financial market, some commercial banks are forced to compete blindly for the project, seek market share blindly, and have a weak sense of risk to the private real estate enterprises. The phenomenon of weak risk control measures. In addition, the credit risk control system of our country needs to be improved urgently, the legislation link is not perfect, the commercial bank private real estate enterprise development loan has the bigger risk hidden danger. Based on the characteristics of the real estate industry and the current situation of the real estate industry, combined with the problems existing in the financing of the private real estate enterprises, the real estate loan cases of commercial banks, the regulation and control situation of the real estate industry at the present stage, This paper analyzes the hidden risks of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, sums up the risk management steps and processes of the development loans of private real estate enterprises in commercial banks, and aims at the problems existing in the financing of private real estate enterprises. Firstly, on the basis of the traditional access mechanism of loan enterprises, we should increase the project access mechanism and strictly select high-quality projects for classification; Secondly, the paper puts forward to evaluate the repayment ability of private real estate enterprises through risk-resistant tests. Third, the paper puts forward solutions to the problems of moral hazard and high default rate of private real estate enterprises. Finally, the paper puts forward a mechanism of early warning information analysis to reduce the lag of commercial banks in controlling the risk of private real estate enterprises' development loans. To promote the healthy, harmonious and steady development of the commercial real estate industry, to ensure the security of our financial system and the steady development of the national economy.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.45
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