文化差异对国际直接投资网络的影响研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 22:08
【摘要】：国际直接投资是一种在不同文化主体之间进行的经济活动，文化无疑是影响国家直接投资的重要因素，相关的学者已就文化差异对国际直接投资的区位选择、进入模式和跨国公司海外子公司绩效等影响进行了相关的研究。与此同时，资本在全球范围内的流动，加强了国家间的经济联系，使得全世界的国际直接投资关系呈现出一种网络形态。然而，已有的文献都尚未从网络层面上就文化差异对国际直接投资的影响进行研究。为此，本文试图弥补此方面的不足，专门就文化差异对国际直接投资网络的影响展开分析。 本文首先阐述了文化的内涵，着重从其核心部分—价值观对文化差异进行界定后，综合比较三种不同的价值观理论后，采用Hofstede文化五维度的得分分析了当今国家间的文化差异情况，各民族依然保存着特有的价值观，国家间依然存在明显的文化差异。同时，利用复杂网络分析方法对2006年至2008年国家间的直接投资数据进行网络建模，分别构建国际直接投资网络及加权网络，分析其结构特征和中国的地位。分析结果表明，国际直接投资网络具有小世界特征和核心-边缘结构，但不是无标度网络；大部分国家的直接投资额比较小，只有当直接投资额达到一定水平后，国家间的差异性才明显的表现出来，即国际直接投资加权网络也不具有无标度特征；国际直接投资网络受到了次贷危机的影响，而中国在网络中的地位则有所提升。之后，文章进一步指出了文化与国际直接投资网络结构特征和主体地位之间的联系。 鉴于此，本文在基于交易费用理论分析了国家间文化差异会增加跨国企业的信息成本、谈判费用等交易费用，进而影响企业的对外直接投资的区位和规模选择。通过模型分析得出，文化差异是通过影响交易费用来影响投资者的预期利润，从而决定了投资者对投资区位和投资规模的选择，而企业投资区位和规模的选择决定了各国间的直接投资关系和关系的强弱，进而形成了不同类型的国际直接投资网络。 在此基础上，，采用社会网络分析中的MRQAP回归分析法，选取47个国家2006至2008年国际直接投资数据和Hofstede文化维度评分,实证分析了文化差异对国际直接投资网络的影响。结果表明，文化差异对国际直接投资有负面的影响，且各文化维度的影响存在明显的差异，权力距离(PDI)和不确定性的避免(UAI)方面的差距对国际直接投资产生不利的影响；而个人主义（IDV）和男性主义(MAS)并未直接影响国家间的国际直接投资。其他因素如经济规模、国际贸易和距离等对国际直接投资也有重要影响，其中，经济规模和国际贸易具有促进国家直接投资的作用，而地理距离则表现出明显的投资阻碍限制作用。最后，从企业和政府两个层面对研究启示进行了讨论。
[Abstract]:International direct investment (FDI) is an economic activity between different cultural subjects. Culture is undoubtedly an important factor affecting national direct investment. Relevant scholars have chosen the location of international direct investment on the basis of cultural differences. The influence of entry mode and the performance of multinational companies' overseas subsidiaries are studied. At the same time, the flow of capital around the world strengthens the economic ties between countries, and makes the international direct investment relationship in the world take on a network form. However, the existing literature has not yet studied the impact of cultural differences on international direct investment (FDI) at the network level. Therefore, this paper tries to make up for this deficiency and analyses the influence of cultural differences on the international direct investment network. This paper first expounds the connotation of culture, after defining the cultural difference from its core part-values, after synthetically comparing three different theories of value, By using the five dimensions of Hofstede culture, the paper analyzes the cultural differences among countries today. Each ethnic group still retains its unique values, and there are still obvious cultural differences among countries. At the same time, the complex network analysis method is used to model the direct investment data between countries from 2006 to 2008, to construct the international direct investment network and the weighted network respectively, and to analyze its structural characteristics and the status of China. The results show that the international direct investment network has the characteristics of small world and core-edge structure, but it is not scale-free network; The direct investment of most countries is relatively small, only when the direct investment reaches a certain level, the difference between countries is obvious, that is, the weighted network of international direct investment does not have scale-free characteristics; The international direct investment network has been affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, while China's position in the network has been improved. After that, the paper points out the relationship between culture and the network structure of international direct investment (FDI). In view of this, based on the transaction cost theory, this paper analyzes that the cultural differences between countries will increase the information cost, negotiation cost and other transaction costs of multinational enterprises, and then affect the location and scale choice of foreign direct investment of enterprises. Through the model analysis, it is concluded that cultural differences affect the expected profits of investors by influencing transaction costs, which determines the choice of investment location and investment scale. The choice of the location and scale of enterprise investment determines the relationship between countries and the strength of the relationship, and then forms different types of international direct investment network. On this basis, using the MRQAP regression analysis method in the social network analysis, selected 47 countries from 2006 to 2008 international direct investment data and Hofstede cultural dimension score, empirical analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international direct investment networks. The results show that cultural differences have a negative impact on international direct investment, and there are obvious differences in the impact of different cultural dimensions. The gap between power distance (PDI) and uncertainty to avoid (UAI) has a negative impact on international direct investment; Individualistic (IDV) and masculine (MAS) do not directly affect international direct investment between countries. Other factors such as economic size, international trade and distance also have an important impact on international direct investment, in which economic size and international trade play a role in promoting national direct investment, And geographical distance shows obvious investment hindrance restriction effect. Finally, the author discusses the implications of the research from the two levels of enterprise and government.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F830.59
[Abstract]:International direct investment (FDI) is an economic activity between different cultural subjects. Culture is undoubtedly an important factor affecting national direct investment. Relevant scholars have chosen the location of international direct investment on the basis of cultural differences. The influence of entry mode and the performance of multinational companies' overseas subsidiaries are studied. At the same time, the flow of capital around the world strengthens the economic ties between countries, and makes the international direct investment relationship in the world take on a network form. However, the existing literature has not yet studied the impact of cultural differences on international direct investment (FDI) at the network level. Therefore, this paper tries to make up for this deficiency and analyses the influence of cultural differences on the international direct investment network. This paper first expounds the connotation of culture, after defining the cultural difference from its core part-values, after synthetically comparing three different theories of value, By using the five dimensions of Hofstede culture, the paper analyzes the cultural differences among countries today. Each ethnic group still retains its unique values, and there are still obvious cultural differences among countries. At the same time, the complex network analysis method is used to model the direct investment data between countries from 2006 to 2008, to construct the international direct investment network and the weighted network respectively, and to analyze its structural characteristics and the status of China. The results show that the international direct investment network has the characteristics of small world and core-edge structure, but it is not scale-free network; The direct investment of most countries is relatively small, only when the direct investment reaches a certain level, the difference between countries is obvious, that is, the weighted network of international direct investment does not have scale-free characteristics; The international direct investment network has been affected by the subprime mortgage crisis, while China's position in the network has been improved. After that, the paper points out the relationship between culture and the network structure of international direct investment (FDI). In view of this, based on the transaction cost theory, this paper analyzes that the cultural differences between countries will increase the information cost, negotiation cost and other transaction costs of multinational enterprises, and then affect the location and scale choice of foreign direct investment of enterprises. Through the model analysis, it is concluded that cultural differences affect the expected profits of investors by influencing transaction costs, which determines the choice of investment location and investment scale. The choice of the location and scale of enterprise investment determines the relationship between countries and the strength of the relationship, and then forms different types of international direct investment network. On this basis, using the MRQAP regression analysis method in the social network analysis, selected 47 countries from 2006 to 2008 international direct investment data and Hofstede cultural dimension score, empirical analysis of cultural differences on the impact of international direct investment networks. The results show that cultural differences have a negative impact on international direct investment, and there are obvious differences in the impact of different cultural dimensions. The gap between power distance (PDI) and uncertainty to avoid (UAI) has a negative impact on international direct investment; Individualistic (IDV) and masculine (MAS) do not directly affect international direct investment between countries. Other factors such as economic size, international trade and distance also have an important impact on international direct investment, in which economic size and international trade play a role in promoting national direct investment, And geographical distance shows obvious investment hindrance restriction effect. Finally, the author discusses the implications of the research from the two levels of enterprise and government.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F830.59
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