中国碳金融市场研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 17:12

【摘要】：人类排放温室气体导致全球气候变暖,这个结论虽然存在争议,但是以欧盟为主的西方国家引导着舆论,世界各国都在为减缓温室气体排放应对全球气候变暖做准备。2005年2月《京都议定书》正式生效,促使了全球碳金融市场形成,《京都议定书》为世界各国温室气体排放权交易制定了一个全新的规则。在全球碳排放权博弈中,各国都在本土积极筹划,以期在未来国际碳金融市场占领更大的市场份额。中国作为最大的温室气体排放国,可以通过清洁发展机制参与碳金融市场,中国在CDM市场有近一半的份额,未来发展潜力巨大。通过对国际碳金融市场的研究,可以明确中国的主体性,分析目前中国碳金融市场存在的问题,在此基础上,提出未来的发展路径。本论文的研究内容主要有以下五个部分：第一部分,阐述碳金融市场产生的背景,分析碳金融市场的理论基础,从科斯产权定理、外部性理论、庇古税等几个方面分别论述。并对本文的主要内容和研究方法等做简要说明。第二部分,分析碳金融市场的国际背景。首先从碳金融市场的利益相关者入手,分析欧盟、美国、日本碳金融市场的发展现状及其策略,并对未来国际碳金融市场的前景进行预测,2013年之前是国际碳金融市场的寒冬,但是后京都时代碳金融市场仍将存在。第三部分,阐述中国碳金融市场的发展现状。首先分析中国发展碳金融市场的必要性。目前,中国的碳金融市场还处于起步阶段,清洁发展机制(CDM)市场初步建立,京津沪等地建立了环境交易所,碳基金开始成立。中国政府已经开始重视碳排放权交易,并在七省市开展了试点工作,预计“十二五”期间能够逐步建立碳排放权交易市场。第四部分,对中国碳金融市场存在的问题进行分析。中国碳金融市场缺少自己的主体性,碳金融市场是一场由西方国家制定规则的游戏,其本质是利用虚拟金融衍生品攫取剩余价值。此外,中国碳金融市场受国外买家的悲观情绪、EU ETS和联合国EB规则的影响很大。此外,参与碳金融市场的企业也存在很多问题和风险,中介服务机构发展还不完备。第五部分,提出中国碳金融市场的发展路径。首先确立中国碳金融市场的发展原则,针对目前中国碳金融市场存在的问题,提出中央政府应加强制度建设,明确自己的主体性,借鉴欧盟和印度的发展经验,从特定区域特定行业的试点开始,合理设计碳金融市场机制,制定法律法规保证市场的顺利运行。未来参与国际碳金融市场的企业需要提早做好准备,相关的中介服务机构需要更加完善。
[Abstract]:Although the conclusion that human emissions of greenhouse gases cause global warming is controversial, the Western countries, dominated by the European Union, are guiding public opinion. Countries around the world are preparing for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in response to global warming. The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005 prompted the formation of global carbon financial markets. The Kyoto Protocol provides a new rule for greenhouse gas emissions trading in all countries of the world. In the game of global carbon emission rights, countries are actively planning at home in order to occupy a larger market share in the future international carbon financial market. As the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China can participate in the carbon financial market through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). China has nearly half the share of the CDM market and has great potential for future development. Through the research on the international carbon financial market, we can make clear the subjectivity of China, analyze the problems existing in China's carbon financial market at present, and on this basis, put forward the development path in the future. The main contents of this paper are as follows: in the first part, the background of carbon financial market is expounded, the theoretical basis of carbon financial market is analyzed, from Coase property right theorem, externality theory, Pigou tax and other aspects of the discussion. At the same time, the main contents and research methods of this paper are briefly described. The second part analyzes the international background of carbon financial market. First, starting with the stakeholders of the carbon financial market, this paper analyzes the current situation and strategy of the development of the carbon financial market in the EU, the United States and Japan, and forecasts the future prospects of the international carbon financial market. Before 2013, it is the cold winter of the international carbon financial market. But the post-Kyoto era carbon financial market will still exist. The third part expounds the current situation of the development of China's carbon financial market. First of all, the necessity of developing carbon financial market in China is analyzed. At present, China's carbon financial market is still in its infancy, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (CDM) market has been initially established, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai have established environmental exchanges, and carbon funds have begun to be established. The Chinese government has begun to attach importance to carbon emissions trading and has carried out pilot work in seven provinces and cities, which is expected to gradually establish a carbon emissions trading market during the 12th five-year Plan. The fourth part analyzes the problems existing in China's carbon financial market. China's carbon financial market lacks its own subjectivity. Carbon financial market is a game of rules made by western countries, whose essence is to use virtual financial derivatives to grab surplus value. In addition, China's carbon financial market is greatly influenced by the pessimistic, EU ETS and EB rules of foreign buyers. In addition, the enterprises involved in the carbon financial market also have many problems and risks, and the development of intermediary service institutions is not complete. The fifth part, put forward the development path of China's carbon financial market. First of all, it establishes the development principle of China's carbon financial market. In view of the problems existing in the current Chinese carbon financial market, the central government should strengthen the system construction, clarify its own subjectivity, and draw lessons from the development experience of the European Union and India. In this paper, we should design the mechanism of carbon financial market reasonably and make laws and regulations to ensure the smooth operation of the market. In the future, the enterprises participating in the international carbon financial market need to be prepared in advance, and the relevant intermediary service institutions need to be more perfect.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832;F205

【参考文献】