村镇银行经营风险管理研究

发布时间：2019-05-31 19:29

【摘要】：随着经济的高速发展，我国现已形成较为成熟的城市金融市场，在进一步完善城市金融市场体系的同时，，我国面临着建设社会主义新农村的艰巨任务。农村中小企业、各地农户和新兴的农村发展行业对金融服务的需求与日俱增，迫切需要大量的资金支持。然而，大型商业银行进几年纷纷退出农村金融市场，而政策性金融机构发挥作用有限等原因造成了农村金融市场供需矛盾日益尖锐。在这种背景下，国家开始出台一系列政策法规，鼓励建设新型农村金融机构，村镇银行应运而生。但是，在村镇银行试运行的经营过程中，一些风险因素逐渐暴露，必须得到解决。以探索和研究村镇银行经营风险因素存在原因并提出相关的管理应对策略，为控制村镇银行经营风险提供帮助，为村镇银行的可持续发展提供切实可行的管理方案为目标。首先，对村镇银行产生的背景与定义进行阐述，并与一般商业银行比较异同，分析出村镇银行发展的必要性及发展优势。其次，介绍村镇银行发展现状，着重分析在现阶段过程中暴露出的经营风险方面的问题，采用文献调查方法并运用经济学、管理学的理论知识分析风险因素的成因。最后，在前文的基础上，提出应对这些经营风险的管理措施。得出了以下结论：1、以集群化管理为基础成立贷款小组，以此作为村镇银行对农户信用评级体系的基础。针对农村实际情况建立资信评定方案，由当地村委组织、农户代表和村镇银行员工组成资信评定小组，以农户的农业生产状况、个人口碑、邻里关系等信息作为评价指标，研究出适应农村金融环境的信用评估方法。2、针对农村金融实际情况制定风险管理制度及机构。按照信贷风险的传递顺序，将风险预警体系的超前性特点得以体现。在划分风险预警责任后，及时将出现的异常情况和可能带来的风险上报相关负责人，判断风险等级并出具处置意见书。村镇银行的内控工作要落实到贷款的各个环节和各个岗位，做到审贷分离，要把每一笔贷款的贷前资信调查、放款时的审核、贷后的监测和到期的收款工作落实到具体负责人。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, China has formed a more mature urban financial market. While further perfecting the urban financial market system, China is facing the arduous task of building a new socialist countryside. The demand for financial services of rural small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and emerging rural development industries is increasing day by day, and a lot of financial support is urgently needed. However, large commercial banks have withdrawn from the rural financial market in recent years, and the limited role of policy-oriented financial institutions has led to the increasingly acute contradiction between supply and demand in the rural financial market. In this context, the state began to issue a series of policies and regulations to encourage the construction of new rural financial institutions, village banks emerge as the times require. However, in the trial operation of village and town banks, some risk factors are gradually exposed and must be solved. In order to explore and study the causes of the risk factors of village and town banks and put forward the relevant management strategies, this paper provides help to control the management risks of village and town banks and provides a feasible management scheme for the sustainable development of village and town banks. First of all, this paper expounds the background and definition of the emergence of village and town banks, and compares them with the general commercial banks, and analyzes the necessity and advantages of the development of village and town banks. Secondly, it introduces the present situation of the development of village and town banks, analyzes the problems of management risk exposed in the process of the present stage, and analyzes the causes of risk factors by using the method of literature investigation and the theoretical knowledge of economics and management. Finally, on the basis of the above, this paper puts forward the management measures to deal with these operating risks. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The loan group is set up on the basis of cluster management, which is used as the basis of the credit rating system of village and town banks to farmers. In view of the actual situation in rural areas, a credit assessment scheme is established, which is organized by the local village committee, representatives of farmers and employees of village and town banks, and takes the information of farmers' agricultural production, personal word-of-mouth, neighborhood relations as the evaluation index. This paper studies the credit evaluation method to adapt to the rural financial environment. 2. According to the actual situation of rural finance, the risk management system and institutions are formulated. According to the transmission order of credit risk, the advanced characteristics of risk early warning system can be reflected. After dividing the risk early warning responsibility, report the abnormal situation and the possible risk to the relevant responsible person in time, judge the risk level and issue the disposal opinion. The internal control work of village and town banks should be carried out in every link and position of loan, and the pre-loan credit investigation, loan audit, post-loan monitoring and maturity collection should be carried out to the specific person in charge of the pre-loan credit investigation, loan audit, post-loan monitoring and maturity collection of each loan.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.35

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