RFID系统多标签防碰撞算法的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 19:32

本文选题：RFID　切入点：防碰撞算法　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物联网被确定为国家战略性新兴产业之一,作为其关键技术的RFID技术成为当下研究的热点。RFID是一种非接触式的自动识别系统,一般由读写器、电子标签及计算机网络系统3部分组成。电子标签储存相关物品信息,与读写器间通过射频信号完成通信,最终的数据可传递至计算机网络系统完成对数据的规模化与自动化的管理及控制。RFID系统由于其读取高效、无线识别等优势被广泛应用于仓储物流、定位识别、安全防伪等多个领域。实际应用中,防碰撞算法性能的好坏往往很大程度上决定了RFID系统性能的高低,大规模、多品类或者高移速的电子标签与读写器通信时往往发生数据碰撞,不仅降低了识别的效率,有时候甚至发生数据丢失,这都是防碰撞算法急需解决的问题。本文首先介绍了RFID技术及RFID系统的基本组成及工作原理,针对电子标签与读写器通信过程中可能发生的数据碰撞问题,对几种常用的防碰撞方法以及算法进行了比较研究。ALOHA类算法简单易实现,但容易发生数据丢失,相较而言,二进制树类算法准确性更好,但对设备要求更高,且实时性较差,本文提出一种融合二者优势的新型算法,在二进制树的基础上融合ALOHA时隙的思想,对所提算法进行了MATLAB仿真测试,测试结果表明,对比经典算法,新算法不仅可以有效降低算法的碰撞概率,同时由于整个通信过程的简化,系统的能量消耗也得到了有效控制,新算法非常适用于小规模简单应用的RFID系统中。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things has been identified as one of the national strategic emerging industries. As its key technology, RFID technology has become a hot spot in current research. It is a contactless automatic identification system, which is generally written by readers. The electronic tag and the computer network system are composed of three parts. The electronic tag stores the information of the related articles, and communicates with the reader through the radio frequency signal. The final data can be transferred to the computer network system to complete the management and control of the scale and automation of the data. RFID system has been widely used in warehouse logistics, location identification and so on because of its high reading efficiency, wireless identification and other advantages. In practical application, the performance of anti-collision algorithm often determines the performance of RFID system to a large extent. Data collisions often occur when multi-category or high-speed electronic tags communicate with the reader, which not only reduces the efficiency of recognition, but sometimes even occurs data loss. This paper first introduces the basic composition and working principle of RFID technology and RFID system, aiming at the data collision problem that may occur in the communication between electronic tag and reader. Several commonly used anti-collision methods and algorithms are compared. The Aloha algorithm is simple and easy to realize, but it is prone to data loss. Compared with the binary tree algorithm, the accuracy of binary tree algorithm is better, but the requirement of equipment is higher, and the real-time performance is poor. In this paper, a new algorithm combining the advantages of the two algorithms is proposed. The idea of ALOHA time slot is fused on the basis of binary tree, and the MATLAB simulation test of the proposed algorithm is carried out. The test results show that the proposed algorithm is compared with the classical algorithm. The new algorithm not only can effectively reduce the collision probability of the algorithm, but also can effectively control the energy consumption of the system because of the simplification of the whole communication process. The new algorithm is very suitable for small scale simple application of RFID systems.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.44

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