RFID定位关键技术及手持设备研发

发布时间：2018-03-30 16:01

  本文选题：射频识别　切入点：室内定位　出处：《北京工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着信息科学技术特别是物联网技术的不断发展,人们日常生活中的物件正逐渐成为信息的载体,如何对物件进行有效的监控与管理成为物联网领域关注的焦点问题。与传统的条形码、二维码等条码识别技术相比,射频识别技术(RFID)具有标签体积小、非接触、抗污损、批量识别等优点,在物流业、制造业、零售业、畜牧业等诸多领域具有良好的应用前景,正逐渐受到人们的青睐。由于定位环境的复杂性,RFID技术在室内定位领域的应用充满了困难与挑战,目前还没有成熟稳定、面向应用的定位系统提出。论文通过研究RFID室内定位技术现状和RFID手持机系统设计关键技术,提出了两种RFID室内定位算法,并设计了一种RFID定位手持机系统。论文主要研究成果包括:对现有RFID室内定位算法进行深入研究,并从时域和空域两个角度,提出了两种基于相位差的RFID室内定位算法。首先介绍了使用IQ解调法获取相位的方法。在此基础上,先提出了一种基于频率相位差的定位算法,给出了详细的公式推导步骤,并介绍了最小二乘法和卡尔曼滤波法两种误差处理方法。此外,还提出了一种基于全息图谱的空域相位差定位算法,并详细介绍了全息图谱的产生及利用空域相位差进行定位的方法。针对所提出的两种定位算法,建立RFID室内定位实验环境,对定位算法进行实测验证。首先详细阐述了实验环境的各组成部分,并给出具体实验流程。实验结果表明,基于全息图谱空域相位差的定位方法起到了更好的定位效果。分析了造成误差的潜在因素,并提出改进方案。设计了一种支持RFID定位的手持机系统。结合性能、功耗、开发成本等因素,先进行手持机操作系统及处理器选型。再根据具体需求,给出手持机系统的总体结构。并以全息图谱空域相位差定位算法为模型,从Compact 7操作系统移植、阅读器驱动开发、Bootloader移植等方面,介绍了手持机系统软件设计的相关内容,并给出手持机定位程序的设计方案。最后,以全息图谱空域相位差定位算法为例,介绍了RFID定位手持机的应用流程。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information science and technology, especially the Internet of things, the objects in people's daily life are gradually becoming the carrier of information. How to effectively monitor and manage objects has become the focus of attention in the field of Internet of things. Compared with the traditional barcode identification technology, such as barcode and two-dimensional code, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has small size, non-contact, anti-fouling, etc. Batch identification and other advantages, in the logistics industry, manufacturing, retail, animal husbandry and other fields have a good application prospects, Because of the complexity of location environment, RFID technology is full of difficulties and challenges in the field of indoor positioning, so it is not mature and stable. Based on the research of RFID indoor positioning technology and the key technology of RFID handheld system design, two RFID indoor positioning algorithms are proposed in this paper. A RFID positioning handset system is designed. The main research results are as follows: deep research on the existing RFID indoor positioning algorithm, and from the perspective of time domain and spatial domain, In this paper, two RFID indoor positioning algorithms based on phase difference are proposed. Firstly, the method of obtaining phase by IQ demodulation is introduced. On this basis, a new algorithm based on frequency phase difference is proposed, and the detailed formula derivation steps are given. Two kinds of error processing methods, least square method and Kalman filter method, are introduced. In addition, a phase difference location algorithm based on hologram is proposed. The generation of the hologram and the method of locating by using the spatial phase difference are introduced in detail. Aiming at the two localization algorithms proposed, the indoor location experimental environment of RFID is established. Firstly, the components of the experimental environment are described in detail, and the specific experimental flow is given. The experimental results show that, The positioning method based on the spatial phase difference of hologram has a better localization effect. The potential factors causing errors are analyzed, and an improved scheme is put forward. A handheld system supporting RFID positioning is designed, which combines performance and power consumption. Based on the development cost and other factors, the handset operating system and processor are selected first. Then, according to the specific requirements, the overall structure of the handset system is given, and the hologram spatial phase difference location algorithm is used as the model, which is transplanted from the Compact 7 operating system. In this paper, the software design of handheld system is introduced, and the design scheme of handheld positioning program is given. Finally, the hologram spatial phase difference location algorithm is taken as an example. The application flow of RFID positioning handset is introduced.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.44
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本文编号：1686608