快递包装绿色化法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:27

本文选题：快递包装　切入点：绿色化　出处：《山西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国快递行业伴随着电子商务的崛起而迅速发展,但由于快递包装相关制度的建设滞后,使得快递行业只重视业务量的增加而忽略了行业绿色协调的发展,快递包装没有进行有效地回收再利用而成为废弃物,从而引发快递包装垃圾问题。快递包装垃圾带来的不仅是我国城市生活垃圾量的增加,也改变了城市生活垃圾组成结构。值得注意的是,随着农村快递物流服务网络的建设与完善,快递包装垃圾势必会使本来就脆弱的农村生态环境污染更加严重,解决这些问题就需要快递包装从设计阶段就将其整个生命周期对环境的影响考虑进去。粗浅地将快递包装垃圾作为生活垃圾进行处置很大程度上也造成了资源的浪费,这些都违背了我国绿色发展基本理念。我国没有完整的《包装法》,相关法规体系的建设跟不上快递行业发展的步伐,立法机构应加快相关法律的修订与完善,使快递行业依法进行快递包装绿色化发展。快递包装绿色化应当按照循环经济理论明确其基本内涵,“减量化、可重复使用、可循环再生、可降解化”是快递包装绿色化发展的目标。欧盟、德国、日本包装立法成功实施的重要原因之一便是引入了生产者延伸责任制度,并有明确的责任主体及责任分配。虽然国内相关立法也有生产者延伸责任的内容,但仍存在主体不清、责任模糊等问题,相关标准也存在很多空白领域需要填补。所以要达到快递包装绿色化目标,首要问题是明确法律责任主体,其次就是对责任内容的细化,我国相关法律偏向原则性要求,这需要相关标准的制定,使法律具有可操作性。最后通过经济激励手段调动企业的积极性和主动性。依照循环经济理论和生产者延伸责任制度,快递包装绿色化相关法律制度建设需要遵循共同但有区别责任原则、标准化原则、材料无害化原则,依照这些原则明晰政府的管理责任、企业的经济责任、公众参与的义务。根据生产者延伸责任制度,主体应当包含快递包装制造商、快递企业、电商企业、政府以及消费者。随后是对各方主体责任的划分,其中包装制造商、快递企业、电商企业负有主要责任,因为企业对快递包装设计最具影响力,而包装设计决定了包装产品废弃后对环境的影响程度。政府虽不是主要责任主体,但是却在整个制度建设中最具主导作用,政府通过政策的引导、法制的建设、标准的完善、理念的宣传等行为尽其应负的责任。国外包装循环利用成功实施重要的一环是广泛的公众参与,这也离不开法律的引导与监督。通过建立绿色快递包装评价标准、制定快递包装设计及技术标准构建我国快递包装绿色化标准体系。政府通过补贴制度和专项基金来推动快递包装绿色化体系的建立,在相关法律没有完善之前,鼓励行业协会联合相关企业和部门制定统一标准,或参照德国绿点公司来构建我国第三方快递包装循环利用系统,以此加快我国快递包装绿色化发展。
[Abstract]:China's express delivery industry with the rise of e-commerce and the rapid development, but due to the lag of the construction of express package system, the express industry only pay attention to the increase in business volume while ignoring the green industry coordinated development, the courier packaging are not effectively recycled and become waste, causing the express package courier packaging waste problem. The garbage is not only to increase the city life trash quantity in our country, but also changed the structure of city garbage. It is worth noting that, with the construction and improvement of rural express logistics service network, courier packaging waste is bound to the already fragile rural ecological environment pollution is more serious, these problems will require the express package from the design stage will affect the entire life cycle of the environment into account. Some will courier packaging waste as garbage disposal A large extent also caused the waste of resources, these are contrary to the basic concept of China's green development. In our country there is no complete packing method > <, construction of the relevant legal system to keep up with the pace of development of the courier industry, the legislature should accelerate the revision and improvement of relevant laws, the courier industry to express green packaging the development of green packaging in accordance with the law. The courier shall be in accordance with the theory of circular economy to clarify its basic connotation, "reduction, reuse, recycling, can reduce the solution of" express green package development goals. The European Union, Germany, one of the important reasons for the successful implementation of the Japanese packaging legislation is introduced into the extended producer responsibility system and, there is a clear responsibility of the main responsibilities and distribution. Although domestic legislation also extended producer responsibility for the content, but there are still a subject not clear, the problem of responsibility fuzzy, relevant standards also exist Many fields need to fill the blank. So to express green package, the primary problem is clearly the main responsibility of legal responsibility, second is to refine the content, China's relevant laws to the requirements of principle, the need of relevant standards, the law has operability. Enthusiasm and initiative through economic incentives means to mobilize Enterprises. In accordance with the circular economy theory and the extended producer responsibility system, the construction of green courier packaging related legal system should follow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the principle of standardization, harmless material principle, in accordance with these principles to clear the management responsibility of the government, enterprise economic responsibility, public participation based on Extended Producer Responsibility obligations. The main system should include courier packaging manufacturer, express enterprise, business enterprise, government and consumer. Then is the main responsibility of the parties to the Division Among them, packaging manufacturers, express company, responsible for the business enterprise, because the enterprise is the most influential courier packaging design, and determine the impact on the environment of packaging waste product packaging design. Although the government is not the main responsibility, but in the whole system in the construction of the most leading role, the government through policy guidance the construction of legal system, standard, perfect, promote the concept of behavior as its responsibility. Foreign packaging recycling is an important part of the successful implementation of extensive public participation, it also cannot do without the guidance and supervision of law. Through the establishment of the Green Express package evaluation standard, design and technical standards of courier packaging construction China express green package standard system. The government to promote the establishment of express green package system through subsidies and special funds in the relevant law is not perfect, encourage Industry Association of the relevant enterprises and departments to develop a unified standard, or reference to the German Green Dot Corporation to construct our country third party courier packaging recycling system, in order to speed up the development of green packaging in China Express.

【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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