城市限行背景下北京市城市货物运输优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 07:42

本文选题：城市货运 + 货车限行　；参考：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市物流与城市的发展和人民生活密切相关,作为特大型城市的北京,城市物流以输入型和城市配送型为主要特征。为了能够将城市货运交通流转移到非高峰时段,在城市限行区域内实施严格的货运交通管制措施,这很大程度上增加了城市物流的成本,降低了配送的客户满意度,抑制了城市物流的发展,因此限行背景下城市货物运输配送的优化成为城市物流中亟需解决的问题。本文根据北京市城市货运交通现状的特性,提出了城市货运优化的策略。首先,本文从货运需求、货运基础设施、货运工具以及相关货运政策等方面对北京市货运交通现状进行了分析,通过实地调研与资料查找的方法获得北京市限行影响区域主要物流节点布局特征及存在的问题。根据城市货运的特性提出了限行背景下双层结构的货物中转换装运输优化模式,为城市货运的优化提供理论基础。然后从宏观与微观的角度分析了北京市内环主要区域的交通状态特征,采用FCM聚类、均值-方差统计法等对限行受影响区域内的交通状态进行时空探究分析,同时结合度量特征分析与正态分布检验方法,对区域交通状态演变的规律进行研究,为城市货运中转换装运输优化的模式提供了交通可行性研究分析。结合北京市货运交通现状特性及存在的问题,提出了统一协调、中转换装的双层结构货运优化模式,并将优化模式进行了数学描述。综合考虑了车辆行驶成本、环境污染成本以及客户配送时效成本等因素来构建合理的货运优化模型,并设计了基于遗传算法的优化求解算法,提高了优化算法寻优的效率与可信度。最后,对限行背景下城市货运优化模型进行了实例验证分析,选取北京市五环内具备一定规模的物流节点、货物需求点作为模型验证的数据准备,利用Matlab编程语言对所设计的算法进行编程求解,对所获得的最优解从货运量承担比例、配送时效性以及物流成本等角度进行评价分析,评价分析的结果表明本文提出的城市货运优化模型能够在降低城市物流总成本的同时提高了客户的时间满意度,符合城市物流服务水平提高的要求,一定程度上能够解决城市物流货运存在的问题,促进城市物流的发展。
[Abstract]:Urban logistics is closely related to urban development and people's life. As a super large city, urban logistics is characterized by input type and urban distribution type.In order to transfer the urban freight traffic flow to off-peak hours, strict freight traffic control measures are implemented in the restricted areas of the city, which to a large extent increase the cost of urban logistics and reduce the customer satisfaction of distribution.The development of urban logistics is restrained, so the optimization of urban freight transportation and distribution becomes an urgent problem in urban logistics.According to the characteristics of urban freight transportation in Beijing, this paper puts forward the strategy of urban freight transportation optimization.First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of freight transportation in Beijing from the aspects of freight demand, freight infrastructure, freight tools and related freight transport policies.The layout characteristics and existing problems of the main logistics nodes in the restricted area of Beijing are obtained by the method of field investigation and data searching.According to the characteristics of urban freight, the paper puts forward the optimization mode of transhipment and transhipment of goods with double-layer structure under restricted background, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of urban freight.Then from the macro and micro point of view, this paper analyzes the traffic state characteristics of the main areas in the inner ring of Beijing, and uses FCM clustering, mean-variance statistics and other methods to explore and analyze the traffic state in the restricted affected areas in time and space.At the same time, combining the method of measurement characteristic analysis and normal distribution test, the law of regional traffic state evolution is studied, which provides the traffic feasibility analysis for the optimization mode of urban freight transit and transfer transportation.Based on the characteristics of freight transportation in Beijing and the existing problems, this paper puts forward a unified and coordinated freight optimization model with double-layer structure, and describes the optimization model mathematically.Considering the factors such as vehicle running cost, environmental pollution cost and customer distribution time cost, a reasonable freight transportation optimization model is constructed, and an optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm is designed.The efficiency and reliability of optimization algorithm are improved.Finally, the optimization model of urban freight transportation under the background of restricted traffic is verified and analyzed. The logistics node with a certain scale in the fifth ring ring of Beijing is selected as the data preparation for the model verification, and the cargo demand point is used as the data preparation for the model verification.The Matlab programming language is used to solve the algorithm, and the optimal solution is evaluated from the aspects of freight volume ratio, delivery timeliness and logistics cost, etc.The results of evaluation and analysis show that the urban freight transport optimization model proposed in this paper can reduce the total cost of urban logistics and improve the customer's time satisfaction, which is in line with the requirements of improving the level of urban logistics services.To some extent, it can solve the existing problems of urban logistics freight transportation and promote the development of urban logistics.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U12

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