基于LabVIEW的内燃机振动测试系统开发与振动特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 15:53

  本文选题：内燃机 + 振动测试　； 参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着交通物流、工农生产和国防装备等产业的迅猛发展,以内燃机作动力装置的现代化产品获得普遍应用,并且已经占据热能动力装置的广阔市场。现今内燃机正朝着轻量化、高速化及高升功率化等目标发展,使得内燃机振动倾向越发显著,故对内燃机进行减振降噪研究具有重要的现实意义。鉴于内燃机的振动特点,振动系统识别和振动响应分析在内燃机减振降噪研究中占据核心地位,故自主研发一套针对内燃机的振动测试系统意义重大。基于内燃机减振降噪实验研究的工程要求,重点分析了当前主流使用的振动测试分析商用平台的技术特点,提出了利用虚拟仪器、测量控制和信号分析等技术研发一套以美国NI公司为平台的模块化内燃机振动测试系统。依据内燃机各部件结构的振动特性,研究学习了信号预处理、频域分析、时频分析和实验模态分析等算法,确立了基于美国NI公司PXI和LabVIEW构建的其内燃机振动测试系统硬件平台和软件平台的总体结构、模块设计和模块实现的方案。利用NI公司PXI测量控制硬件和ModalVIEW实验模态分析软件完成YN 38 CRD 2型柴油机机体和曲轴的模态参数识别,并进行有限元法与实验法(RFOP、LSCE、LSCF)的模态特性对比分析,且使用模态置信准则评价模态参数的合理性。分析总结发现:1)同一阶的模态振型基本一致,模态频率误差大都小于5%,并且同一阶的模态幅值相干系数皆大于0.82;2)机体振动最大变形位置多集中于曲轴箱,气缸孔的椭圆振动会引起气缸漏气和窜机油等现象;3)曲轴振动最大变形位置多集中于曲轴两端,其振动形式主要由扭转振动、弯曲振动以及纵向振动构成。基于实验室现有台架在YN 38 CRD 2型柴油机上进行50%负荷工况的内燃机振动测试系统的实验验证。通过该系统的多种信号分析算法对振动测量信号进行了时频域分析,分析结果表明:1)随着转速升高各评估点振动烈度越为激烈;2)振动加速度信号蕴含的能量主要集中于信号的低频部分;3)机体和曲轴结构的低阶模态特征在机体与油底壳振动信号中得到体现。通过对各部件的坎贝尔图分析,得出各部件的振动加速度均存在明显的谐次特性,其中2阶、4阶和6阶的振动加速度幅值最为显著。实验验证表明该系统分析结果均能满足工程应用的技术规范要求,且具有良好的可靠性和较强的实用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation logistics, industrial and agricultural production, national defense equipment and other industries, modern products with internal combustion engine as power plant have been widely used, and have occupied a wide market of thermal power plant. Nowadays, the internal combustion engine is developing towards the goal of light weight, high speed and high lift power, which makes the vibration tendency of internal combustion engine more obvious, so it is of great practical significance to study the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine. In view of the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine, vibration system identification and vibration response analysis play a key role in the study of internal combustion engine vibration and noise reduction, so it is of great significance to independently develop a vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine. Based on the engineering requirements of the experimental research on the vibration and noise reduction of internal combustion engine, the technical characteristics of the commercial platform for vibration test and analysis used in the mainstream are analyzed, and the use of virtual instrument is put forward. A modular vibration measurement system for internal combustion engine based on NI Company is developed by means of measurement control and signal analysis. According to the vibration characteristics of internal combustion engine components, the algorithms of signal preprocessing, frequency domain analysis, time frequency analysis and experimental modal analysis are studied. The overall structure, module design and implementation scheme of the internal combustion engine vibration testing system hardware platform and software platform based on PXI and LabVIEW of American NI Company are established. The modal parameters of engine block and crankshaft of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are identified by means of PXI measurement and control hardware of NI company and ModalVIEW experimental modal analysis software. The modal characteristics of YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine are compared and analyzed by means of finite element method and experimental method. Modal confidence criterion is used to evaluate the rationality of modal parameters. It is found that the modal mode shape of the same order is basically the same, the modal frequency error is mostly less than 5, and the coherence coefficient of the mode amplitude of the same order is greater than 0.82m2) the maximum deformation position of the body vibration is mostly concentrated in the crankcase. The maximum deformation position of crankshaft vibration is concentrated on the two ends of the crankshaft. The vibration forms are mainly composed of torsional vibration, bending vibration and longitudinal vibration. The vibration test system of internal combustion engine under 50% load condition is verified by experiment based on the existing laboratory bench on YN38 CRD 2 diesel engine. The vibration measurement signals are analyzed in time-frequency domain through various signal analysis algorithms of the system. The results show that the vibration intensity of each evaluation point is more intense with the increase of rotational speed.) the energy contained in the vibration acceleration signal is mainly concentrated in the low frequency part of the signal.) the low-order modal characteristics of the block and crankshaft structure are in the airframe and oil. The vibration signal of bottom shell is reflected. By analyzing the Campbell diagram of each component, it is concluded that the vibration acceleration of each component has obvious harmonic characteristics, among which the amplitude of vibration acceleration of order 2 and order 6 is the most significant. Experimental results show that the system can meet the technical requirements of engineering application, and has good reliability and strong practicability.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TK406

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