铁路物流服务需求传递理论与服务方案设计技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 16:47

本文选题：物流服务 + 需求传递理论　；参考：《中国铁道科学研究院》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：经济新常态下,铁路大宗运输需求增长乏力,白货物流由于服务时效性、可靠性、经济性与公路相比优势不足,导致货源流失严重。尤其是进入2015年,日装车最低不足11万车,铁路经营面临巨大压力,形势倒逼铁路加快向现代物流企业转型。作为典型的服务型企业,建立符合铁路物流特点的服务设计理论,以客户需求为导向设计高品质、低成本和及时性的物流服务方案,是塑造铁路物流核心竞争力的关键所在。其中,铁路物流服务方案设计的核心是客户需求传递,铁路既有经验设计方法传递机理不清、量化能力弱,难以解决需求准确传递和质量有效控制的问题。对此,本文立足构建铁路物流服务设计理论架构,提出客户需求传递、物流服务方案生成两个基本问题,着重研究物流活动描述、需求传递方法、功能措施配置、服务方案集成、服务方案评价等关键技术,实现客户需求与物流资源的最佳结合,提高设计效率和方案可靠性。主要从以下四个方面展开研究：(1)基于公理化设计理论,研究铁路物流服务需求传递过程,建立铁路物流需求传递理论。归纳总结了铁路物流需求、功能、参数、措施的基本类型及属性,建立了需求传递的标准化语言；提出域的单元化建模方法,重点建立服务方案集成模型,确定基于功能单元措施配置的服务方案集成模式；基于“需求映射-功能映射-过程映射”映射方法,实现物流需求向功能结构、设计参数和服务方案的逐步传递和转化。(2)研究了基于粒计算的铁路物流功能单元措施配置问题。采用质量功能配置QFD (Quality Function Deployment)将用户需求转化为产品功能特性要求,从组织方式、设备类型、作业时间和成本四方面,构建需求、功能、参数和措施单元数据库；根据功能单元多属性特征,建立措施配置的多属性群决策基本模型；为克服主观赋权、信息损益问题,建立基于几何空间粒计算优化模型,进而提出单参数环境下、多参数环境下物流功能单元措施配置方法。(3)研究了铁路物流整体服务方案集成和评价问题。为保证集成方案的有效性,建立了方案集成机制、集成流程,提出基于同质性检验和有限偏差检验方法及规则；归纳提出货损货差、运到晚点、产品不合格等失效模式,并据此提出了安全可靠度、时间可靠度、产品不合格率、经济性等指标及计算方法；设计基于AHP的权重计算方法和归一化评价方法,通过综合指标计算与排序实现整体方案比选决策。(4)对两地间实际客户“门到门”物流需求进行方案研究试算。通过构建基础单元与服务质量屋构建、功能单元措施配置、方案集成检验,最后得到了满足客户需求的整体服务方案。案例研究表明,本文理论方法具有一定科学性和实用性。本文丰富与完善了铁路物流服务设计理论,并且从实践上能够指导铁路物流服务方案设计实践,避免了以往方案设计过度依赖经验、定性决策等问题,为铁路承揽物流外包业务、增强核心竞争力提供支撑。
[Abstract]:Under the new normal state of the economy, the demand for the bulk transport of railway transportation is weak, and the advantages of the white goods logistics, due to the shortage of service time, reliability and economy, lead to the serious loss of the source of goods. Especially in 2015, the minimum 110 thousand cars are not enough to load the car, the railway operation is under great pressure, and the situation is forced to speed up the transformation of the railway to the modern logistics enterprise. As a typical service enterprise, establishing service design theory which meets the characteristics of railway logistics, designing high quality, low cost and timeliness of logistics service plan based on customer demand is the key to mold the core competitiveness of railway logistics. The transfer mechanism of experiential design method is not clear and the quantitative ability is weak. It is difficult to solve the problem of accurate transfer of demand and effective control of quality. This paper is based on the construction of the theoretical framework of railway logistics service design, put forward two basic problems of customer demand transfer and logistics service scheme generation, focusing on the description of logistics activities, the method of demand transfer and work. The key technologies such as the configuration of the measures, the integration of service scheme, the evaluation of the service scheme, and the best combination of the customer needs and the logistics resources, and the improvement of the design efficiency and the reliability of the scheme are carried out in the following four aspects: (1) based on the theory of axiomatic design, the transfer process of railway logistics service demand is studied, and the demand transmission of railway logistics is established. It summarizes the basic types and attributes of railway logistics requirements, functions, parameters and measures, establishes a standardized language for demand transfer, puts forward a modular method of domain modeling, focuses on establishing a service scheme integration model, and determines a service scheme integration model based on the configuration of functional unit measures; based on the "demand mapping - functional projection" The method of mapping process mapping is used to realize the gradual transfer and transformation of logistics requirements to functional structure, design parameters and service schemes. (2) the problem of measures configuration of railway logistics functional units based on grain computing is studied. The quality function configuration QFD (Quality Function Deployment) is used to transform user needs into product functional requirements, From four aspects of organization mode, equipment type, operation time and cost, the database of demand, function, parameter and measure unit is constructed. Based on the multi attribute features of functional units, the basic model of multi attribute group decision is set up, and the optimization model based on geometric space particle calculation is established to overcome the subjective empowerment and information loss and profit. In a single parameter environment, the method of allocation of logistics function unit measures under multi parameter environment. (3) the problem of integration and evaluation of the overall service scheme of railway logistics is studied. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the integrated scheme, a scheme integration mechanism and integrated flow are set up, and the methods and rules based on homogeneity test and finite deviation test are put forward. Loss of goods, transportation to late, product disqualification and other failure modes, and accordingly put forward safety reliability, time reliability, product disqualification rate, economy and other indicators and calculation methods, design based on AHP weight calculation method and normalization evaluation method, through comprehensive index calculation and sorting to achieve the overall scheme comparison decision. (4) between the two places The actual customer "door to door" logistics demand for the project research trial calculation. Through the construction of basic unit and quality of service building, functional unit measures configuration, scheme integration test, and finally get the overall service plan to meet customer needs. Case study shows that the theoretical formula is scientific and practical. This paper is rich in this paper. The theory of railway logistics service design has been perfected, and it can guide the practice of railway logistics service scheme design in practice, and avoid the problems of excessive dependence on experience and qualitative decision making in the past plan design, and provide support for railway outsourcing business and strengthening the core competitiveness.

【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U294

【参考文献】