基于路径依赖的可重构制造单元构建与布局研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 08:01

本文选题：可重构制造系统 + 单元构建　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球竞争日趋激烈,制造企业在保证产品质量的同时,还需要满足客户对产品多样化的要求。产品多样化的需求要求生产企业必须不断的改变生产任务,如何在生产任务变化后快速进行投入生产是一个需要解决的问题。可重构制造系统对于应对这种变批量、多品种的生产模式具有很好的适应性。可重构制造单元是可重构制造系统的重要组元,它是生产加工的核心,它的构建与布局将直接影响可重构制造的整体柔性和可重构性。单元构建主要考虑的是将具有相似加工工艺路径的多种零件和加工这些工件的生产设备进行划分归类,使工件的跨单元加工次数、运输成本等尽可能的低。布局问题主要考虑的是工件的运输费用、单元内工件加工过程中物流折返等问题的优化。单元构建与布局问题中,设备负荷、生产率、加工运输成本等都是需要优化的主要目标,如何将这些相互矛盾的目标综合处理是单元构建与布局过程解决的主要问题,本文通过对国内外可重构制造系统和可重构制造单元的分析研究,给出了单元构建的几种常用方法,通过对现有方法考虑的因素进行分析找出了主要存在的问题,并对运用相似系数构建单元中的不足之处进行了一定的改进。布局问题通过对多种布局模型分析,各种布局约束条件的分析后,给出了以物流成本最小为目标的布局优化模型,并运用流程线性布局的方法将物流费用最小转化为相邻设备间的物流交互次数最大,对设备设施进行布局研究。通过对单元构建与布局问题的分析给出了基于工艺路径考虑的多品种、多加工工艺路径、多制造单元的费效模型,通过对工艺路径、设备信息等的约束保证了模型构建的合理性。以往对单元构建的研究只限于模型的构建和解法合理性的研究,本文基于遗传算法求解多目标问题的优越性,结合某减速器生产厂的具体加工分析,在求解出现有工艺路径下生产各零件的最优路径后,对现有最优路径下设备负荷大小的分析,找出现有工艺路径存在的问题,对工艺路径做出了进一步的划分,使设备-零件成组后的设备负荷更加均衡,使生产加工任务明确,生产率大幅度提高,产品生产周期进一步缩短。最后根据所形成的单元和具体的工艺路径划分,对各个单元内的设备在物理重构可以实现的假设下进行布局分析,以物流费用为主要优化目标,给出了符合工艺路径加工方向的设备布局图。
[Abstract]:The global competition is becoming more and more intense. Manufacturing enterprises need to meet the requirements of product diversification while ensuring the quality of products. The demand of product diversification requires the production enterprise to change the production task constantly. How to put the production into production quickly after the change of production task is a problem that needs to be solved. Reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) has good adaptability to this variable batch and multi-variety production mode. Reconfigurable manufacturing cell is an important component of reconfigurable manufacturing system. It is the core of production and processing. Its construction and layout will directly affect the overall flexibility and reconfiguration of reconfigurable manufacturing. The main consideration of the unit construction is to classify the parts with similar process paths and the production equipment to make the cross-unit processing times and transportation cost of the workpiece as low as possible. The layout problem is mainly concerned with the transportation cost of the workpiece and the optimization of the logistics reentry during the processing of the workpiece in the unit. In the problem of unit construction and layout, equipment load, productivity, processing cost and so on are the main objectives that need to be optimized. How to integrate these contradictory objectives is the main problem to be solved in the process of unit construction and layout. Based on the analysis and research of domestic and foreign reconfigurable manufacturing systems and reconfigurable manufacturing cells, several common methods of cell construction are given in this paper, and the main existing problems are found by analyzing the factors considered by the existing methods. At the same time, the inadequacies of building units with similarity coefficient are improved to some extent. After analyzing various layout models and various layout constraints, a layout optimization model with the aim of minimizing logistics cost is presented. The method of process linear layout is used to transform the minimum cost of logistics into the maximum number of logistics interactions between adjacent equipments, so the layout of equipment and facilities is studied. Based on the analysis of the problem of unit construction and layout, the cost-efficiency model of multi-variety, multi-process path and multi-manufacturing unit is given based on the consideration of process path. The constraint of equipment information ensures the rationality of the model construction. In the past, the research of unit construction was limited to the research of model construction and rationality of solution. Based on the superiority of genetic algorithm to solve multi-objective problem, this paper combined with the concrete processing analysis of a reducer factory. After solving the optimal path of each part under the process path, the paper analyzes the load size of the equipment under the existing optimal path, finds out the problems existing in the process path, and makes a further division of the process path. The equipment load is more balanced, the production task is clear, the productivity is greatly increased, and the production cycle is further shortened. Finally, according to the formation of the unit and the specific process path division, the equipment in each unit is analyzed under the assumption that physical reconfiguration can be realized, and the logistics cost is the main optimization objective. The layout diagram of the equipment in accordance with the processing direction of the process path is given.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH16

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