政府主导下的家庭过期药品回收激励策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:25

本文选题：家庭过期药品 + 回收　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展,我国家庭过期药品的总量也在不断增长,这些药品往往被随意处置,不仅对生态环境造成了极大的破坏,更严重威胁着公众用药安全。因此,对家庭过期药品进行统一回收和科学处置日益引起各级政府的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注,成为逆向物流研究领域的一个重要课题。我国家庭过期药品的回收工作尚处于起步和摸索阶段,目前主要的回收模式有两种,即政府主导回收模式和医药企业自发回收模式。从现实情况来看,由于过期药品回收工作无直接经济利益可图,高昂的回收和销毁费用致使企业自发回收动力不足,目前我国只有少数大型制药企业在特定时间和范围内开展,无法长期保障。同时,企业自发回收模式也存在着政府监管困难、药品外泄风险大、回收面窄、群众信任度不高等种种局限性。因而在现阶段,由政府主导家庭过期药品的回收工作不仅是必要的,也是迫切的。2003年以来,随着对过期药品危害认识的逐渐深入,我国很多地方政府都主导开展了家庭过期药品回收活动,在回收制度完善、回收点建设等方面取得了较为显著的工作成绩。但不得不认识到,居民参与积极性较差、药品回收率过低仍是制约我国家庭过期药品回收工作良好持续发展最主要的因素。因此,研究并制定切实有效的激励策略、调动居民回收积极性和主动性是当前政府开展家庭过期药品回收工作面临的重大挑战。本文首先从理论基础与现实因素两个层面论证了现阶段政府主导家庭过期药品回收的必要性,之后深入分析了该模式下家庭过期药品回收实际运作情况。通过调查问卷的形式展开实证调研,指出回收便利性、回收点服务水平、经济因素、个体环保健康意识与知识水平是当前影响居民参与过期药品回收活动的关键因素,并针对这些因素,对政府可采取的激励策略及其作用机理进行了理论分析,明确了政府今后回收策略设计的着眼点和着力点。同时,考虑到家庭过期药品回收系统包含众多要素,各要素之间相互关联、相互作用,形成了复杂的多重反馈结构,使得单凭主观认识和经验判断来分析各项激励策略的实施效果非常困难,因而本文将系统动力学——这一被誉为"战略与决策实验室"的建模仿真方法引入到家庭过期药品回收领域,在综合分析系统各要素间反馈关系的基础上,构建出规范、量化的系统动力学模型,并将模型应用于实际案例,实现了对现实回收系统运行状况的动态模拟和政策仿真,从而直观地考察了不同回收激励策略的实施效果,为政府制定更优的回收方案提供了对策建议与方法支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the total amount of expired drugs in our family is also increasing. These drugs are often disposed of at will, which not only caused great damage to the ecological environment, but also seriously threatened the safety of the public medication. Therefore, the unified recovery and scientific disposal of expired drugs in the family have attracted more and more attention from governments at all levels and wide attention from all walks of life, and have become an important subject in the research field of reverse logistics. The recovery of expired drugs in China is still at the beginning and groping stage. At present, there are two main modes of recovery, that is, government-led recovery mode and spontaneous recovery mode in pharmaceutical enterprises. In reality, because there is no direct economic benefit for the recovery of expired drugs, the high cost of recovery and destruction causes the enterprises to have insufficient motivation for spontaneous recovery. At present, only a few large pharmaceutical enterprises in our country are developing within a specific time and scope. There is no long-term guarantee. At the same time, the spontaneous recovery model of enterprises also has many limitations, such as government supervision difficulties, large risk of drug leakage, narrow recovery area and low trust degree of the masses. Therefore, at the present stage, it is not only necessary but also urgent for the government to lead the recovery of expired drugs in households. Since 2003, with the deepening of the understanding of the harm of expired drugs, Many local governments in China have led the activities of family recovery of expired drugs, and have made remarkable achievements in the aspects of perfect recovery system and construction of recovery sites. However, it has to be recognized that the poor participation enthusiasm of residents and the low recovery rate of drugs are still the main factors restricting the good and sustainable development of the family recovery of expired drugs in China. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the government to study and formulate effective incentive strategies and arouse the residents' recovery enthusiasm and initiative. In this paper, the necessity of the recovery of expired drugs in households led by the government at present is demonstrated from the two aspects of theoretical basis and practical factors, and then the actual operation of the recovery of expired drugs in households under this model is analyzed in depth. Through the empirical investigation in the form of questionnaire, it is pointed out that the convenience of recovery, the service level of recovery point, the economic factors, the awareness of individual environmental protection and health and the level of knowledge are the key factors that affect the residents' participation in the recovery of expired drugs. Aiming at these factors, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the incentive strategy and its action mechanism, and clarifies the starting point and the focus of the government's reclaim strategy design in the future. Considering, at the same time, that the family recovery system for expired drugs contains many elements, each of which is interrelated and interacts, resulting in a complex multi-feedback structure, It is very difficult to analyze the effect of each incentive strategy based on subjective knowledge and experience judgment. Therefore, this paper introduces the modeling and simulation method of system dynamics, known as "strategy and decision laboratory", into the field of household expired drug recovery. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the feedback relationship among the elements of the system, the criterion is constructed. The quantitative system dynamics model is applied to the actual case to realize the dynamic simulation and policy simulation of the actual recovery system, so the effect of different recovery incentive strategy is investigated intuitively. It provides the countermeasure suggestion and method support for the government to make a better recovery scheme.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R95

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