六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性和道路友好性的仿真与多目标优化

发布时间：2018-07-03 03:13

本文选题：六轴半挂汽车列车 + 平顺性　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“互联网+”时代下,物流运输得以快速发展。但是,国内在综合运输体系建设上仍需要继续改进,作为提升物流效率、降低物流成本的有效途径,多联式运输是推进综合运输体系的重要内容。公路运输需要与其他运输方式衔接,半挂汽车列车在集中化、高效化运输方面的优势能够得以充分发挥。长途运输过程中,六轴半挂汽车列车是目前半挂汽车列车的典型车型,路面激励带来的振动和冲击在影响平顺性的同时,也会引起车轮动载的波动,对路面造成破坏。因此,需要对六轴半挂汽车列车的平顺性和道路友好性进行研究。目前,六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性与道路友好性已经展开了一些研究,但仍然存在一些不足,振动模型的研究,没有充分体现实际应用中用于改进平顺性和道路友好性的结构特性,少有针对六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性和道路友好性的综合研究及其多目标优化方案的对比分析研究。在考虑半挂汽车列车结构特点的基础上,本文建立了六轴半挂汽车列车的简化模型,研究了平顺性振动响应量的统计特性和道路友好性评价指标的推导计算过程,分析了不同参数对平顺性与道路友好性造成的影响。通过对六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性和道路友好性进行灵敏度分析,实现六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性和道路友好性的多目标优化,对比分析了不同的优化方案,对六轴半挂汽车列车的匹配和改进有重要的指导意义。本文的具体内容如下(1)根据相应简化假设,保留了能够反映六轴半挂汽车列车振动性能的主要部件,建立了其振动平面力学模型。通过拉格朗日方程获得了其振动数学模型的矩阵表达形式,求取了静止状态下半挂车主要承载部件的载荷,基于前轮路面激励的统计特性,确定了模型、主要加速度和主要承载部件的相对动载和动挠度对前轮的频响函数,获得了各振动响应量的统计特性,分析了不同车速和不同路面等级下各振动响应量的频率特性和速度特性,研究了牵引车与半挂车参数组合对平顺性评价指标的影响。(2)总结了常用的四种道路友好性评价指标,简要描述了相应评价指标的表达形式,从频域对理论道路破坏系数进行推导。提出了基于六轴半挂汽车列车振动平面模型的四种道路友好性评价指标的仿真算法,开发了仿真程序。分析了不同路面等级下六轴半挂汽车列车道路友好性的车速特性,选取能够综合描述整车对路面造成破坏的道路损伤系数和理论道路破坏系数,作为六轴半挂汽车列车道路友好性的主要评价指标,研究了牵引车和半挂车悬架参数组合对道路友好性的影响。(3)基于多学科优化软件平台Isight,利用最优拉丁超立方试验设计方法对六轴半挂汽车列车平顺性和道路友好性进行参数灵敏度分析,得到了影响较大的因素,结合实际情况,选取合适的参数,利用邻域培植多目标遗传优化算法分别进行平顺性、道路友好性、平顺性和道路友好性综合性能的多目标优化。根据相应规则选取不同的优化方案,对其优化结果进行了对比分析。使用条形图和雷达图来分析各评价指标在不同优化方案下的变化情况,进行权衡选择。研究结果表明,在常用行驶车速范围内,选取的优化方案,平顺性和道路友好性的各项评价指标也都能够得到较好的优化。
[Abstract]:In the era of "Internet +", logistics transportation is developing rapidly. However, the domestic transportation system construction still needs to be improved. As an effective way to improve the logistics efficiency and reduce the logistics cost, multi type transportation is an important content to promote the comprehensive transportation system. In the process of long-distance transportation, the six axle and semi-trailer train is the typical model of the semi-trailer. The vibration and shock caused by the pavement excitation will also cause the fluctuation of the wheel dynamic load and damage the road. Therefore, it is necessary for the train to destroy the road. The ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle and semi-trailer trains are studied. At present, some research has been carried out on the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer trains, but there are still some shortcomings. The study of the vibration model does not fully reflect the structural characteristics that are used to improve the ride comfort and road friendliness in the practical application, and there are few of them. In view of the comprehensive study of the ride comfort and road friendliness of six axle semi-trailer trains and the comparison and analysis of the multi-objective optimization scheme, the simplified model of the six axle semi-trailer train is established on the basis of the characteristics of the semi-trailer train structure. The statistical characteristics of the ride comfort response and the evaluation of the road friendliness are studied. The influence of the different parameters on the ride comfort and the road friendliness is analyzed. Through the sensitivity analysis of the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train, the multi objective optimization of the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer trains is realized, and the different optimization schemes are compared and analyzed, to six. The matching and improvement of axle semi-trailer train have important guiding significance. The specific contents of this paper are as follows (1) according to the corresponding simplified hypothesis, the main components that can reflect the vibration performance of the six axle semi-trailer train are retained, and the vibration plane mechanics model is established. The matrix expression of the mathematical model of the vibration is obtained through the Lagrange equation. In the form, the load of the main bearing parts of the semitrailer under the static state is obtained. Based on the statistical characteristics of the front wheel road surface excitation, the model, the relative dynamic load and the dynamic deflection of the main bearing parts are determined, and the characteristics of the vibration response are obtained, and the different speed and the different pavement grade are analyzed. The frequency characteristics and speed characteristics of the vibration responses are studied. The influence of the parameters combination of the tractor and semi trailer on the evaluation index of the ride comfort is studied. (2) the commonly used evaluation indexes of four kinds of road friendliness are summarized, and the expression forms of the corresponding evaluation indexes are briefly described, and the theoretical road damage coefficients are derived from the frequency domain. Six The simulation algorithm of four kinds of road friendliness evaluation indexes of axle semi-trailer train vibration plane model is developed, and the simulation program is developed. The speed characteristics of the road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train under different pavement grades are analyzed, and the road damage coefficient and the theoretical road damage coefficient can be synthetically described. As the main evaluation index of road friendliness of six axle semi-trailer train, the influence of the combination of tractor and semi-trailer suspension parameters on road friendliness is studied. (3) based on the multidisciplinary optimization software platform Isight, the optimal Latin hypercube test design method is used for the ride comfort and road friendliness of the six axle semi-trailer train. With the sensitivity analysis, the factors which have great influence are obtained. According to the actual situation, the suitable parameters are selected and the multi-objective optimization of the comprehensive performance of road friendliness, smoothness and road friendliness is carried out by the neighborhood cultivation multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm. Different optimization schemes are selected according to the corresponding rules, and the optimization results are carried out. The paper uses bar chart and radar chart to analyze the changes of each evaluation index under different optimization schemes and make a trade-off choice. The results show that the optimization scheme, the smoothness and the road friendliness can be better optimized in the range of common driving speed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U461.4;U469.53

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