某商用车底盘运输半挂车旋转式举升机构的设计

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:37

【摘要】：近年来,随着国民经济的快速发展,现代物流运输行业技术水平取得了较大幅度的提升,其在商业竞争中的影响力日渐凸现。其中,乘用车运输模式在提高路面占用率、降低能耗等方面表现良好并带来了较高的经济效益。而商用车底盘运输车作为新型特种运输车也在向此方向逐步转型。因此,如何实现一款安全性、可靠性及机构性能稳定、抗压的高性能半挂运输车成为了当前业内的研究重点。本课题依托实际工程项目,对某商用运输半挂车的前举升机构进行设计,将半挂车的鹅颈处设计成一种可以旋转的举升机构,利用改变旋转举升板的角度使举升板与水平地面的夹角小于车辆的离去角以保证装载车辆后半挂运输车不超高。首先,分析比较了国内外此类运输车的结构型式特点,运用UG软件对旋转举升机构进行三维建模,其结构主要由鹅颈、主车架、旋转举升板、液压缸-钢丝绳联动牵引装置等组成,根据实际需求确定机构处于不同作业工况时的运动状态;其次,运用Hypermesh软件完成机构三维模型的有限元前处理工作,确定需要进行有限元分析的数学模型,通过Nastran求解器对模型进行求解和分析计算,得到机构在装载和行车两种运动状态下的应力和位移的分布云图,对分析结果进行静力学分析,并确保举升机构能够满足设计标准;然后,对举升机构进行模态分析,获得机构前六阶固有频率及振型特征,其结果表明机构不会产生共振,为举升机构的动力学研究奠定了基础;接下来,为提高旋转式举升机构的工作稳定性及可靠性,以及改善旋转式举升机构的力学状态,论文以减小油缸力为优化目标,利用Matlab软件对机构进行仿真模拟优化,得出优化点与优化目标的关系曲线,分析并选出最佳方案,优化后的油缸力与初始值相比下降了8.92%;最后,通过对原理样车进行改装、试验,得到了设计机构具有可行性的结论。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of national economy, the technical level of modern logistics and transportation industry has been greatly improved, and its influence in commercial competition has become increasingly prominent. Among them, the passenger car transportation mode has good performance in improving the road surface occupancy rate and reducing energy consumption, and has brought higher economic benefits. As a new type of special transport vehicle, commercial chassis transport vehicle is gradually transforming in this direction. Therefore, how to achieve a safety, reliability, mechanism performance stability, pressure resistance high performance semi-trailer has become the focus of the industry. This subject relies on the actual project, designs the front lift mechanism of a commercial transportation semi-trailer, and designs the goose neck of the semi-trailer into a kind of lifting mechanism that can rotate. By changing the angle of the rotary lifting plate, the angle between the lifting plate and the horizontal ground is smaller than the departure angle of the vehicle, so as to ensure that the semi-hanging transport vehicle after loading the vehicle is not super high. Firstly, this paper analyzes and compares the structural characteristics of this kind of transport vehicle at home and abroad, and uses UG software to model the rotating lifting mechanism. The structure is mainly composed of goose neck, main frame, rotating lifting plate, etc. The hydraulic cylinder and wire rope linkage traction device is used to determine the movement state of the mechanism under different working conditions according to the actual requirements. Secondly, the finite element preprocessing of the three-dimensional model of the mechanism is completed by using Hypermesh software. The mathematical model which needs finite element analysis is determined, and the model is solved and analyzed by Nastran solver, and the distribution of stress and displacement of the mechanism in loading and driving state is obtained. The static analysis of the analysis results is carried out to ensure that the lifting mechanism can meet the design criteria. Then, the modal analysis of the lifting mechanism is carried out to obtain the first six natural frequencies and the modal characteristics of the mechanism. The results show that the mechanism does not produce resonance. In order to improve the working stability and reliability of the rotary lift mechanism and improve the mechanical state of the rotary lift mechanism, the paper takes reducing the cylinder force as the optimization goal. By using Matlab software to simulate and optimize the mechanism, the relationship curve between the optimization point and the optimization objective is obtained, and the best scheme is analyzed and selected. The optimized cylinder force is reduced by 8.92% compared with the initial value. The conclusion that the design mechanism is feasible is obtained from the test.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.53

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