美国食品加工业国际竞争力研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 13:01

【摘要】：国际竞争力一词的出现是世界经济格局变化与演进的产物,是世界经济一体化进程加速的重要体现。产业国际竞争力是一个由国际竞争力衍生而来的概念,从产业的投入与产出角度出发,通过对某一国家的某一产业的国际竞争力进行比较与评价,分析产业发展规律,发现影响产业国际竞争力的主要因素,可以为提高产业国际竞争力提供政策建议。中国作为世界第一人口大国,食品加工业承担着为国民提供安全、健康、营养食品的重任,是保障国计民生和国民经济正常运行的基础产业,但中国食品加工业自主创新能力较弱、部分领域产能过剩、食品安全问题突出。美国食品产品在西方发达国家中具有较强的国际竞争力,对世界食品加工业具有重要的影响,系统研究美国食品加工业国际竞争力具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究旨在回答以下3个理论和实践问题:(1)产业国际竞争力形成的理论基础是什么,如何对其进行系统分析评价?(2)美国食品加工业发展现状及其国际竞争力表现如何?(3)影响美国食品加工业国际竞争力表现的因素包含哪些方面,有何影响?为了回答上述核心研究问题,本研究主要从以下几个方面进行。首先,问题提出部分:该部分在梳理现实背景与研究现状的基础上,提出主要研究内容以及研究路线等,主要集中在第1章中。其次,研究主体部分,该部分为本研究的核心,通过对产业国际竞争力相关理论的分析形成本研究的理论框架与分析方法基础,进而详细分析美国食品加工业及其产业国际竞争力表现形式、形成的基础和条件、影响因素等,力求比较全面地展示美国食品加工业国际竞争力及其背后的产业生态系统。最后一部分为论文的政策建议部分,总结美国食品加工业提升国际竞争力的主要经验,对中国食品加工业发展现状进行分析,提出提升中国食品加工业国际竞争力的相关政策建议。本文的主要研究内容、章节安排、研究结论和发现如下。第1章“绪论”部分主要交待研究背景、研究目的以及研究方法。食品加工业承担着为国民提供安全、健康、营养食品的重任,是保障国计民生和国民经济正常运行的基础产业。近年来,我国食品加工业加大了产品研发力度,积极进行技术升级,食品加工业取得了长足发展,但也存在发展方式粗放、食品安全形势不容乐观等问题。在对理论背景、现实背景的梳理与分析基础上,交待本研究开展的大背景。从提高中国食品加工业国际竞争力这一现实问题入手,以产业国际竞争力研究范式为方法论基础,笔者通过对具有国际代表性的美国食品加工业国际竞争力进行研究,对提高中国食品加工业国际竞争力具有重要的借鉴意义。第2章“产业国际竞争力及相关理论分析”对产业国际竞争力及相关理论分析进行系统梳理、回顾,形成本研究的理论基础。本章第一节对产业国际竞争力概念进行深入分析,从产业定义出发,明晰产业范畴,并明确产业国际竞争力就是一个国家某一产业在现有国际市场环境下,在国际以及国内市场与制度安排下,通过对资源与要素的配置与转换,持续满足消费者需求,并促使产业实现可持续发展的能力。接下来,本章对古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论等有关产业国际竞争力的国际贸易理论进行回顾与综述,进一步探索国际竞争力的形成来源与机制。在此基础上,重点回顾波特教授的国家竞争优势理论,分析影响一国在国际市场上建立和保持国际竞争优势的变量主要包括生产要素、需求条件、相关产业与支持产业及企业战略、结构和竞争等四大要素,为后续分析美国食品加工业国际竞争力提供理论依据。第3章“美国食品加工业及其国际竞争力表现形式”主要考察美国食品加工业发展现状以及美国食品加工业国际竞争力表现形式。具体来说,本章首先对食品加工业进行界定,从美国食品加工业总体规模和内部结构变动、要素投入状况、研发投入状况以及内外部市场需求状况等方面分析美国食品加工业整体发展情况。在此基础上,具体分析美国在全球食品加工业进出口市场所占份额、食品加工业贸易顺差以及大型食品加工跨国企业市场表现等国际竞争力的具体表现。第4章“美国食品加工业国际竞争力形成基础和条件”对美国食品加工业国际竞争力形成的基础条件进行了分析。美国食品加工业在美国国民经济中占有重要地位,对美国失业率的降低贡献显著,并且对世界食品生产、食品质量和食品贸易产生了重要影响。究其原因,这与美国整体经济和科技发展水平紧密相关,同时美国食品加工业在国际上的较强竞争力与自然条件、劳动力素质、生产技术等优势条件密不可分,或者说,这些条件一定程度上可以视作美国制造业国际竞争力形成的基础。本研究分别从美国的自然条件和自然资源、劳动力素质、科技发展水平以及工业生产集中化程度四个方面进行剖析。第5章“美国食品加工业国际竞争力影响因素分析”从美国食品加工业产业生态系统入手分析对其国际竞争力产生影响的主要因素。美国食品加工业国际竞争力的形成与维持离不开其赖以生存的产业生态环境。为了进一步剖析美国食品加工业国际竞争力影响因素,笔者以波特教授的“钻石模型”为框架,系统分析了由人力资本要素、资本要素、技术要素等构成的生产要素体系,由国内市场以及国际市场构成的市场需求,由物流运输业与包装业等组成的相关支持产业以及政府制度安排与监管等对美国食品加工业国际竞争力产生的具体影响。第6章“美国食品加工业国际竞争力绩效评价”从美国食品加工业对外贸易角度考察其国际竞争力,采用显示性比较优势指数(RCA)和贸易竞争指数(TC)作为具体评测手段考察美国食品加工业国际竞争力,同时对美国的RCA和TC指数与选定的一些发达国家进行比较,横向分析美国食品加工业的国际竞争力。结果显示在2000-2006年间,美国食品加工业出口处于显示性比较劣势地位,而在2007-2013年间,美国食品加工业出口表现为显示性比较优势。美国食品加工业竞争力指数在2000-2005年间呈现下滑的趋势,由2000年的0.01降至2005年的-0.07,而后其竞争力指数则出现了较为快速的提升,在2008年达到观测期最大值0.1,美国食品加工业-0.07到0.1之间的振幅基本上可以视作美国食品加工业的进出口贸易刚好平衡,美国在大量出口食品的同时,也在大量地进口食品。第7章“美国食品加工业国际竞争力形成的经验及其对我国的启示”在总结美国食品加工业提升国际竞争力主要经验的基础上,分析我国食品加工业发展现状并提出相关政策建议。通过强化食品安全监管,提高技术创新水平,促进相关产业协调发展,提高企业效率,美国食品加工业国际竞争力得到了提升。经过60多年的发展,我国食品加工业虽然取得了很大成绩,但也面临食品安全问题频发、产能过剩以及自主创新能力薄弱等问题。针对我国食品加工业存在的不足,笔者分别从食品安全监管、提高自主创新能力、产业链建设以及企业兼并重组等几个方面提出了一些政策建议,以期为提高我国食品加工业国际竞争力提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the term international competitiveness is the product of the change and evolution of the world economic pattern and an important embodiment of the acceleration of the process of world economic integration. Comparing and evaluating, analyzing the law of industrial development, finding out the main factors affecting the international competitiveness of industry can provide policy suggestions for improving the international competitiveness of industry. The US food products have strong international competitiveness in the western developed countries and have an important impact on the world food processing industry. Systematic research on the international competitiveness of the US food processing industry is of great significance. The purpose of this study is to answer the following three theoretical and practical questions: (1) What is the theoretical basis for the formation of international competitiveness of industry, and how to make a systematic analysis and evaluation of it? (2) What is the current situation of the development of food processing industry in the United States and its international competitiveness? (3) How does it affect the performance of international competitiveness of food processing industry in the United States? In order to answer the above-mentioned core research questions, this study mainly proceeds from the following aspects. First of all, this part puts forward the main research contents and research routes on the basis of combing the realistic background and research status quo, mainly concentrated in Chapter 1. Secondly, the main part of the study. This part is the core of this study. Through the analysis of the relevant theories of industrial international competitiveness, the theoretical framework and analytical method foundation of this study are formed, and then the manifestations of the international competitiveness of American food processing industry and its industry are analyzed in detail, the basis and conditions for its formation, the influencing factors and so on, in order to display the American food additions in a more comprehensive way. The last part is the policy suggestion part of the paper. It summarizes the main experience of American food processing industry in enhancing international competitiveness, analyzes the current situation of China's food processing industry, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions to enhance the international competitiveness of China's food processing industry. Chapter 1 "Introduction" mainly describes the research background, research purposes and research methods. Food processing industry undertakes the responsibility of providing safe, healthy and nutritious food for the people. It is the basic industry to ensure the national economy and the people's livelihood and the normal operation of the national economy. Industry has intensified product research and development, actively carried out technological upgrading, food processing industry has made considerable progress, but there are also extensive development methods, food safety situation is not optimistic and other issues. Starting with the realistic problem of competitiveness and based on the research paradigm of industrial international competitiveness as the methodology, the author studies the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States, which is representative of the world, and it is of great significance to improve the international competitiveness of China's food processing industry. The first section of this chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the concept of industrial international competitiveness, starting from the definition of industry, clarifies the industrial category, and makes it clear that industrial international competitiveness is the existing international market environment of an industry in a country. Under the international and domestic market and institutional arrangements, through the allocation and transformation of resources and factors, to continue to meet consumer demand and promote the sustainable development of industries. Next, this chapter carries out the classical trade theory, neo-classical trade theory, new trade theory and other international competitiveness of industries. On the basis of reviewing and summarizing, this paper further explores the origin and mechanism of international competitiveness. Chapter 3 "American Food Processing Industry and Its Forms of International Competitiveness" mainly inspects the present situation of American food processing industry and the forms of international competitiveness of American food processing industry. This paper defines the food processing industry in the United States and analyzes the overall development of the food processing industry in the United States in terms of its overall scale and internal structural changes, factor input, R&D input and internal and external market demand. Chapter 4 "Foundations and Conditions for Forming International Competitiveness of American Food Processing Industry" analyzes the basic conditions for forming international competitiveness of American food processing industry. It plays an important role in reducing the unemployment rate of the United States and has a significant impact on world food production, food quality and food trade. The reason is that it is closely related to the overall economic and technological development level of the United States. At the same time, the strong competitiveness of the United States food processing industry in the world and the natural conditions, the quality of the labor force, and the livelihood. In this study, the natural conditions and natural resources, the quality of labor force, the level of scientific and Technological Development and the degree of concentration of industrial production in the United States were analyzed. Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the International Competitiveness of the Food Processing Industry in the United States Based on Professor Porter's Diamond Model, the author systematically analyzes the factors of production, including human capital, capital and technology, the market demand of domestic and international markets, the related supporting industries and government system composed of logistics, transportation and packaging industries. Chapter 6 "Performance Evaluation of International Competitiveness of American Food Processing Industry" examines the international competitiveness of American food processing industry from the perspective of foreign trade, using RCA and TC as specific evaluation tools. This paper examines the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States and compares the RCA and TC indices of the United States with those of selected developed countries to analyze the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States. The competitiveness index of the US food processing industry declined from 0.01 in 2000 to - 0.07 in 2005, and then its competitiveness index increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of 0.1 in 2008 and a vibration between - 0.07 and 0.1 in the US food processing industry. Chapter 7 "Experiences in the Formation of International Competitiveness of Food Processing Industry in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China" summarizes the main experience of improving international competitiveness of food processing industry in the United States. Based on the analysis of the current situation of China's food processing industry, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations. Through strengthening food safety supervision, improving the level of technological innovation, promoting the coordinated development of related industries and improving enterprise efficiency, the international competitiveness of the food processing industry in the United States has been enhanced. After more than 60 years of development, China's food processing industry has made great progress. In view of the shortcomings of China's food processing industry, the author puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of food safety supervision, improving the ability of independent innovation, industrial chain construction and merger and reorganization of enterprises in order to improve myself. The international competitiveness of China's food processing industry can be used for reference.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F416.82

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