呼和浩特铁路局开展物流化改革策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 21:30

【摘要】：我国是一个地域广阔的大国,铁路经过几十年的发展,路网已基本完善,铁路在过去的几十年中一直是我国运输的大动脉,担负着国家物资、人民生活用品的运输任务。如今国家经济腾飞,航空、水运、公路市场早已开始了市场化经济的改革。铁路运输关系国计民生,由于铁路运输的特点,在运输组织中仍然有很强的计划性,导致铁路在运输市场中占据的份额越来越小。铁路已逐步失去了普通货物运输市场,目前铁路的主要运输市场在煤炭、钢铁等大宗货物市场,然而国家经济下行压力大,国家开展经济结构转型,积极发展清洁能源,关闭了大量的高能耗企业,市场对于煤炭、钢铁的需求量连年下降,铁路运输收益也大幅下降。铁路目前已到了必须进行改革的地步,若不进行改革必然会被市场淘汰。文章通过文献调查、实地考察分析对我国铁路的货运情况、我国物流的发展情况以及呼和浩特铁路局自身的发展情况进行了系统的总结和分析,结合研究欧美等发达国家铁路运输的改革经验,对呼和浩特铁路局的货运改革提出了一些建议。首先,文章分析了物流行业的特点,并使用SWOT法分析了铁路在我国市场环境下的优劣势,铁路面对的市场机会很多,国家内部发展与外部拓展都离不开铁路的支持,但内部环境恶劣,铁路机构繁杂、货运设施老旧、信息系统分散、货运营销体制僵化、缺少人才等已经成为阻碍铁路进行改革的主要原因,铁路进行改革面临很大的困难。其次,结合呼和浩特铁路局的自身实际情况,研究了开展物流化改革的思路以及在改革中呼和浩特铁路局的机构设置、货运费率、信息化、货运营销、货运安全及速率方面存在的主要问题。再次,针对存在的问题,研究其他路局的改革经验,分别对存在的问题提出了构建呼和浩特铁路局货运中心、建立物流中心、重组货运管理机构、打造“呼铁物流”货运品牌、加强运输产品包装、运输途中管理、构建信息中心等改革的具体措施。最后,结合我国电子商务市场的发展,分析了小件货物市场的运输需求,依靠高速铁路的快速发展,探讨了利用高铁进行货物运输的列车组织策略和行车组织策略,列车组织方面主要根据货源情况,组织开行混合列车、快运专列,并对开行混合列车情况下货物的装载模式进行了研究。行车组织方面主要结合高铁施工的现状,组织开行跨线列车、短途快运等列车以满足市场需求。
[Abstract]:Our country is a large country with vast area. After decades of development, the railway network has been basically perfect. In the past several decades, the railway has been the main artery of transportation in our country, bearing the task of transportation of national goods and materials, people's daily necessities. Now the national economy takes off, aviation, water transportation, highway market has already begun the reform of market-oriented economy. Railway transportation is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Because of the characteristics of railway transportation, there is still a strong plan in the transportation organization, which leads to the railway occupying a smaller and smaller share in the transportation market. The railway has gradually lost the general freight transport market. At present, the main transport markets of railways are coal, steel and other large commodity markets. However, the national economy is under great downward pressure, and the country is carrying out economic structural transformation and actively developing clean energy. The closure of a large number of high-energy enterprises, the market for coal, steel demand has fallen year after year, railway transport revenue also fell sharply. The railway has now reached the point where it must be reformed, without which it will be eliminated by the market. Through literature investigation, field investigation and analysis, the paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the situation of freight transportation, the development of logistics in China and the development of Hohhot Railway Bureau itself. Based on the experience of railway transportation reform in developed countries such as Europe and America, some suggestions are put forward for the freight transport reform of Hohhot Railway Bureau. First of all, the paper analyzes the characteristics of logistics industry, and uses SWOT method to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of railway in our market environment. The railway faces a lot of market opportunities, the development of the country and the external development can not be separated from the support of the railway. However, the internal environment is bad, the railway organization is complicated, the freight transportation facilities are old, the information system is dispersed, the freight marketing system is rigid, the lack of talented person has become the main reason which hinders the railway reform, the railway reform faces the very big difficulty. Secondly, combining with the actual situation of Hohhot Railway Bureau, this paper studies the thinking of developing logistics reform and the institutional setting, freight rate, informatization, freight marketing of Hohhot Railway Bureau in the course of reform. The main problems in freight safety and speed. Thirdly, in view of the existing problems, the paper studies the reform experience of other railway bureaus, and puts forward the construction of Huhehaote Railway Administration Freight Center, the establishment of logistics center, the reorganization of freight management agencies, and the creation of "Hu-tie Logistics" freight transport brand. Strengthen the transportation product packaging, transportation management, construction of information center and other specific measures of reform. Finally, combined with the development of electronic commerce market in our country, this paper analyzes the transportation demand of small goods market, depending on the rapid development of high-speed railway, discusses the train organization strategy and train organization strategy of using high-speed railway to carry out freight transportation. In the aspect of train organization, the mixed train and express train are organized according to the source of goods, and the loading mode of goods under the condition of mixed train is studied. In order to meet the needs of the market, train organization is mainly combined with the present situation of high-speed railway construction.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F532.6

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