降低实体经济企业成本研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 12:38

【摘要】：降低实体经济企业成本的核心要义是交易成本降低、收入分配关系调整和技术创新引致成本下降。我国实体经济企业成本总体偏高,部分成本还有进一步上升趋势。这既与资源禀赋、发展阶段有关,也与产业结构不合理、体制改革不到位和现行政策不完善有关,本质就是交易成本较高、收入分配关系没有理顺和技术进步缓慢。以多国发展规律构建理论模型测算的理论值为基准,发现用电成本、税费成本、融资成本、社保缴费、制度性交易成本、物流成本都有一定下降空间,而人工成本、土地成本、能源原材料和环境成本则将进一步上升。降成本必须在明确降什么、谁来降、怎么降的基础上,坚持理顺关系与重点突破相结合,市场决定与政府推动相结合,政策引导与企业主导相结合,立足当前与统筹长远相结合,分类施策与纵横联动相结合的方略,一方面加快完善短期政策措施,引导企业成本在预期范围内快速下降,另一方面深入推进体制改革,营造实体企业成本长期持续稳定下降的制度环境,同时还应加快推出防范改革风险的配套措施。
[Abstract]:The key to reduce the cost of real economy enterprises is to reduce the transaction cost, the adjustment of income distribution relationship and the cost reduction caused by technological innovation. Our country real economy enterprise cost is on the high side overall, partial cost still has further rise trend. This is related to the resource endowment, the development stage, the unreasonable industrial structure, the imperfect system reform and the imperfect current policy. The essence is that the transaction cost is high, the income distribution relationship is not straightened out and the technological progress is slow. Based on the theoretical values measured by the theoretical model of multi-country development law, it is found that the cost of electricity, taxes and fees, financing costs, social security contributions, institutional transaction costs and logistics costs all have some room for decline, while labor costs, land costs, etc. Energy raw materials and environmental costs will rise further. Cost reduction must be based on a clear understanding of what to reduce, who will, and how to, adhere to the combination of straightening out the relationship with key breakthroughs, market decisions and government promotion, and policy guidance with enterprise-led leadership. Based on the combination of the present and the overall planning, the strategy of combining the classification with the vertical and horizontal linkage, on the one hand, to accelerate the improvement of short-term policies and measures, to guide the cost of enterprises to decline rapidly within the expected scope, on the other hand, to further promote the reform of the system. It is necessary to establish a system environment in which the cost of the entity enterprise is falling continuously and steadily for a long time. At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the necessary measures to prevent the reform risk.
【基金】：国家发展改革委宏观经济研究院2016年度重大课题“降低实体经济企业成本研究”的部分研究成果
【分类号】：F275.3;F279.2

【参考文献】