异构无线传感器网络非均匀分区多跳路由协议的研究
发布时间：2018-11-25 22:21
【摘要】：近年来,无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)作为物联网底层网络应用的基础技术之一,受到国内外的关注。由于WSN具有成本低、功耗小且大面积分布的特点,在安全监控、物流仓储、军事战争、环境监测、医疗护理等领域得到广泛的应用。然而无线传感器网络的能量、计算能力、通信能力都有限,需要采用高效的路由协议来实现对数据的高效传输并降低系统的能量消耗。本文首先对WSN路由协议进行研究,针对EDCS算法和ESEP算法在簇的形成和数据传输方面的缺点,提出了异构无线传感器网络非均匀分区多跳路由协议(Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN,HUCM)。作者的主要研究工作与成果如下:1.分析总结了几种典型的路由协议的优缺点;2.对EDCS算法和ESEP算法进行了详细研究,仿真分析结果表明:(1)EDCS算法在簇头的选举及扩展性等方面较平面路由协议有一定的先进性,但同时也存在一些问题:建立的簇大小是不确定的,采取单一的单跳的数据传输方式,这些特点会使网络能耗加大,加快网络的失效;(2)ESEP算法适用于三级异构的网络,未考虑剩余能量对成簇概率的影响,在簇的形成和数据传输方面和EDCS算法一样还存在不足;3.针对EDCS算法和ESEP算法的缺点,提出了HUCM算法:(1)在簇头的选举方面:改进阈值T(n),在阈值公式中引入剩余能量、初始能量、剩余能量与平均能量的方差,让能量高的节点有更大的几率成为簇头;(2)计算簇头节点与汇聚节点的距离,使距离汇聚节点较近的簇头建立的簇要小一些,节约能量用于数据转发工作,均衡整个网络的能耗;(3)数据传输方式:采用簇内单跳和簇间多跳相结合的数据传输方式,减少了簇头与汇聚节点过远采用单跳的传输方式带来的能耗;4.利用MATLAB对网络寿命、网络能耗和基站接收数据量等进行仿真,首先通过统计不同簇头比例下网络每轮的能耗,确定最佳簇头比例;其次对EDCS算法和HUCM算法应用于同构网络和二级异构网络进行仿真比较,研究异构参数m和a对网络性能的影响;最后对ESEP和HUCM算法应用于三级异构网络进行仿真比较。实验结果表明:HUCM算法能有效延长网络寿命,提高能量利用率。在同构WSN中HUCM算法的网络运行时间比EDCS算法延长了约30%,HUCM算法的Sink节点接收的数据量比EDCS算法多了约27%;在二级异构WSN中,HUCM算法的网络运行时间比EDCS算法延长了约15%,HUCM算法的Sink节点接收的数据量比EDCS算法多了约21%;在三级异构WSN中,HUCM算法的网络稳定期比ESEP算法延长了约36%,比EDCS算法延长了约18%,HUCM算法的Sink节点接收的数据量比ESEP算法多了约37%,比EDCS算法多接收了约15%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), as one of the basic technologies of the Internet of things (IoT), has attracted much attention at home and abroad. Because of its low cost, low power consumption and large area distribution, WSN has been widely used in the fields of security monitoring, logistics warehousing, military war, environmental monitoring, medical care and so on. However, wireless sensor networks have limited power, computing power and communication capability. It is necessary to use efficient routing protocols to achieve efficient data transmission and reduce the energy consumption of the system. In this paper, firstly, WSN routing protocol is studied. Aiming at the disadvantages of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in cluster formation and data transmission, a heterogeneous partitioned multi-hop routing protocol (Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN, is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. HUCM). The author's main research work and results are as follows: 1. The advantages and disadvantages of several typical routing protocols are analyzed and summarized. 2. The EDCS algorithm and the ESEP algorithm are studied in detail. The simulation results show that: (1) the EDCS algorithm is more advanced than the planar routing protocol in the election and expansibility of the cluster head. But at the same time there are some problems: the size of the established cluster is uncertain, using a single hop data transmission mode, these characteristics will make the network energy consumption increase, speeding up the network failure; (2) ESEP algorithm is suitable for three-level heterogeneous networks, and the influence of residual energy on clustering probability is not considered, and there are still shortcomings in cluster formation and data transmission as well as in EDCS algorithm; 3. Aiming at the shortcomings of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, this paper proposes HUCM algorithm: (1) in the election of cluster head, the variance of residual energy, initial energy, residual energy and average energy is introduced into threshold formula by improved threshold T (n),. Let the high-energy nodes have a greater chance of becoming cluster heads; (2) calculate the distance between cluster head node and convergence node, make the cluster established by cluster head closer to the convergent node smaller, save energy for data forwarding, and balance the energy consumption of the whole network; (3) data transmission mode: the single hop and multi-hop data transmission mode is adopted, which reduces the energy consumption brought by the single hop transmission mode between the cluster head and the convergent node. 4. MATLAB is used to simulate the network lifetime, network energy consumption and the data received by base station. Firstly, the optimal cluster head ratio is determined by counting the energy consumption of each round of the network under different cluster head ratio. Secondly, the simulation of EDCS algorithm and HUCM algorithm applied to isomorphic network and secondary heterogeneous network is carried out, and the influence of heterogeneous parameters m and a on network performance is studied. Finally, the simulation comparison between ESEP and HUCM algorithm applied to tertiary heterogeneous network is carried out. Experimental results show that the HUCM algorithm can effectively prolong the network life and improve energy utilization. The network running time of HUCM algorithm in isomorphic WSN is about 30% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of EDCS algorithm is about 27% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the secondary heterogeneous WSN, the network running time of HUCM algorithm is about 15% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of HUCM algorithm is about 21% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the three-level heterogeneous WSN, the network stability period of the HUCM algorithm is longer than that of the ESEP algorithm about 36 times, and the amount of data received by the Sink node of the EDCS algorithm is about 37 more than that of the ESEP algorithm, and about 15 percent more than that of the EDCS algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
[Abstract]:In recent years, (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), as one of the basic technologies of the Internet of things (IoT), has attracted much attention at home and abroad. Because of its low cost, low power consumption and large area distribution, WSN has been widely used in the fields of security monitoring, logistics warehousing, military war, environmental monitoring, medical care and so on. However, wireless sensor networks have limited power, computing power and communication capability. It is necessary to use efficient routing protocols to achieve efficient data transmission and reduce the energy consumption of the system. In this paper, firstly, WSN routing protocol is studied. Aiming at the disadvantages of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm in cluster formation and data transmission, a heterogeneous partitioned multi-hop routing protocol (Unequal Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocol of HWSN, is proposed for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. HUCM). The author's main research work and results are as follows: 1. The advantages and disadvantages of several typical routing protocols are analyzed and summarized. 2. The EDCS algorithm and the ESEP algorithm are studied in detail. The simulation results show that: (1) the EDCS algorithm is more advanced than the planar routing protocol in the election and expansibility of the cluster head. But at the same time there are some problems: the size of the established cluster is uncertain, using a single hop data transmission mode, these characteristics will make the network energy consumption increase, speeding up the network failure; (2) ESEP algorithm is suitable for three-level heterogeneous networks, and the influence of residual energy on clustering probability is not considered, and there are still shortcomings in cluster formation and data transmission as well as in EDCS algorithm; 3. Aiming at the shortcomings of EDCS algorithm and ESEP algorithm, this paper proposes HUCM algorithm: (1) in the election of cluster head, the variance of residual energy, initial energy, residual energy and average energy is introduced into threshold formula by improved threshold T (n),. Let the high-energy nodes have a greater chance of becoming cluster heads; (2) calculate the distance between cluster head node and convergence node, make the cluster established by cluster head closer to the convergent node smaller, save energy for data forwarding, and balance the energy consumption of the whole network; (3) data transmission mode: the single hop and multi-hop data transmission mode is adopted, which reduces the energy consumption brought by the single hop transmission mode between the cluster head and the convergent node. 4. MATLAB is used to simulate the network lifetime, network energy consumption and the data received by base station. Firstly, the optimal cluster head ratio is determined by counting the energy consumption of each round of the network under different cluster head ratio. Secondly, the simulation of EDCS algorithm and HUCM algorithm applied to isomorphic network and secondary heterogeneous network is carried out, and the influence of heterogeneous parameters m and a on network performance is studied. Finally, the simulation comparison between ESEP and HUCM algorithm applied to tertiary heterogeneous network is carried out. Experimental results show that the HUCM algorithm can effectively prolong the network life and improve energy utilization. The network running time of HUCM algorithm in isomorphic WSN is about 30% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of EDCS algorithm is about 27% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the secondary heterogeneous WSN, the network running time of HUCM algorithm is about 15% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. The amount of data received by Sink node of HUCM algorithm is about 21% longer than that of EDCS algorithm. In the three-level heterogeneous WSN, the network stability period of the HUCM algorithm is longer than that of the ESEP algorithm about 36 times, and the amount of data received by the Sink node of the EDCS algorithm is about 37 more than that of the ESEP algorithm, and about 15 percent more than that of the EDCS algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9
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