广州市多环芳烃污染与小学生内暴露水平的研究

发布时间：2019-04-29 06:32

【摘要】：多环芳烃是广泛存在于大气、水体、土壤等环境介质中的一种持久性有机污染物,并经过呼吸、饮食及皮肤接触暴露等途径进入人体,进而对人体健康造成威胁,具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应,因而成为学术界日益关注的环境污染问题。本论文通过对广州市居民区及工业区环境空气中萘、芴、菲、芘等16种PAHs及小学生体内2-OHN、1-OHN、2-3-OHF、2-OHPhe、3-OHPhe、1-9-OHPhe、4-OHPhe和1-OHP等8种OH-PAHs的联合检测,探讨分析广州市不同区域环境空气中PAHs污染特征、污染来源及小学生尿液中OH-PAHs暴露水平的特征研究等。结果表明:(1)居民区环境空气中PAHs的平均浓度高于工业区,而居民区小学生尿液中OH-PAHs的内暴露水平略低于工业区。两区域暴露前后的差异可能说明尿液中OH-PAHs暴露水平的影响因素不仅是个体呼吸暴露,可能还存在其他的暴露途径如饮食暴露、个体代谢差异等。(2)环境空气中多环芳烃污染的源解析结果显示,居民区的污染来源主要是交通污染的影响,而工业区的主要污染来源是物流交通影响、石化企业排放及煤、生物质燃烧。同时,研究区域中气相PAHs主要为低环PAHs(2~4环),如萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽和芘等,而高环PAHs(5~6环)则主要富集在颗粒相中,如苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘和苯并[g,h,i]傒等。(3)居民区OH-PAHs单体之间有显著相关性(P0.01),相关系数在0.511~0.928,工业区小学生尿液中1-OHP与1-OHN、1-OHP与2-OHN之间的相关性无统计学意义(P0.01)。这种差异可能是由工业区的物流交通及石化企业排放的复合污染引起的,同时也说明采用多种OH-PAHs的联合监测更能充分的反应个体的实际暴露水平。(4)与国内其他研究结果相比,广州市居民区及工业区环境空气中PAHs处于相对较高的污染水平,这可能与珠三角地区的区域性污染有关。广州市小学生体内除居民区1-OHP以外,其他单体OH-PAHs的暴露水平均相对较低,但相比国外的一些研究,广州市小学生体内OH-PAHs污染还需引起注意。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that widely exist in the atmosphere, water body, soil and other environmental media, and enter the human body through breathing, diet and skin contact exposure, which pose a threat to human health and cause cancer. Teratogenic and mutagenic effects have become increasingly concerned about environmental pollution in academia. In this paper, 16 kinds of PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene and so on, in residential and industrial areas of Guangzhou City, were studied. The contents of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene in the air of primary school students were 2OHN, 1OHN, 2OHPhe, 2OHPhe, 3OHPhe, 1 ~ 9OHPhe, respectively. The combined detection of 8 kinds of OH-PAHs, including 4-OHPhe and 1-OHP, was carried out to investigate the characteristics of PAHs pollution in air, the source of pollution and the level of OH-PAHs exposure in urine of primary school students in different regions of Guangzhou. The results showed that: (1) the average concentration of PAHs in air in residential area was higher than that in industrial zone, while the OH-PAHs exposure level in urine of primary school students in residential area was slightly lower than that in industrial zone. The differences before and after exposure to the two regions may indicate that the factors influencing the level of OH-PAHs exposure in urine are not only individual respiratory exposure, but also other exposure pathways such as dietary exposure. (2) the source analysis results of PAHs pollution in ambient air show that the main source of pollution in residential areas is the impact of traffic pollution, while the main source of pollution in industrial areas is the impact of logistics traffic. Petrochemical enterprises emissions and coal, biomass combustion. At the same time, the gas-phase PAHs in the study region is mainly low-ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene, while the high-ring PAHs (5 / 6 ring) is mainly enriched in granular phase, such as benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [b] fluoranthene, etc. Benzo [k] fluoranthene, benzo [a] pyrene, indene [1, 2, 3 渭 CD] pyrene and benzo [g, h, I], etc. (3) there was a significant correlation between OH-PAHs monomers in residential areas (P0.01), with a correlation coefficient of 0.511 to 0.928, There was no significant correlation between 1-OHP and 1 OHN, and there was no significant correlation between 2-OHN and OHP in the urine of primary school students in industrial area (P0.01). This difference may be caused by combined pollution from logistics and transportation in industrial areas and emissions from petrochemical enterprises. At the same time, the joint monitoring of multiple OH-PAHs can more fully reflect the actual exposure level of individuals. (4) compared with other domestic research results, the air PAHs in residential and industrial areas in Guangzhou is in a relatively high level of pollution. This may be related to regional pollution in the Pearl River Delta region. In addition to residential 1-OHP, the exposure level of other monomeric OH-PAHs in primary school students in Guangzhou was relatively low, but compared with some foreign studies, the OH-PAHs pollution in primary school students in Guangzhou needed to be noticed.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X51;X592

【参考文献】