公路施工平面布置的风险分析与优化研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 07:40

本文关键词： 平面布置风险分析优化研究理想解法　出处：《重庆交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公路建设项目势不可挡的发展态势对国民经济的促进和城市面貌的建设有着巨大的推动作用,然而施工现场高频率的安全事故却严重威胁着人民的生命健康和财产安全,因此越来越多的研究学者开始广泛关注如何减轻和控制施工现场的风险因素,塑造安全水平更高的现场环境。大量的研究成果旨在从项目管理的宏观角度出发,以人的主观因素和违规行为为切入点,过分依赖专家意见和历史数据,造成研究内容缺乏现实性和实用性。本文尝试站在公路施工平面布置这一微观视角,分析现场平面设计过程中可能面临风险因素,并利用科学的方法加以优化和改进,将安全管理问题具体化,避免空泛化、理论化,增强施工管理的可操作性。通过归纳和整理前人的文献资料,本文利用作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)等科学手段完成风险指标的初选、精选,最终构建出具有普遍意义的公路施工平面布置风险评价指标体系,虽然指标体系的设置还略显粗糙,但是尝试着从新的分析视角着手。本文尝试结合传统的灰色关联分析法和理想解法,各取其长,互为补充,应用改进的灰色关联理想解法解决公路施工平面布置的风险分析问题,引入灰色关联相对贴近度作为核心风险要素的评判标准,不仅充分论证了该模型在公路施工平面布置风险分析问题上的有效性和优越性,同时协助人们更有针对性地控制和处理重大风险。本文运用遗传算法优化施工平面布置,并借助理想解法完成备选方案的筛选和评价工作,不但证明了GA算法在公路施工平面布置优化研究上的优势性,同时针对备选方案的决策系统建立了更为完善的评价属性。利用毕威高速公路平面布置的实际案例,本文不仅充分阐释了上述研究方法的具体推导过程,而且系统分析了毕威高速公路平面布置中的核心风险,完成风险影响力大小的排序,通过对原方案的优化和改善,使得灰色关联相对贴近度提高了6.95%,达到了预期的研究目的,获得了较为满意的研究效果。本文扩展了公路施工平面布置风险分析与方案优化方法,通过分析、优化公路总平面设计方案,切实降低了公路作业的风险性,改善了施工现场的安全等级,实现了本文的研究目的。
[Abstract]:The unstoppable development situation of highway construction project has great impetus to the promotion of national economy and the construction of city appearance. However, the high frequency of safety accidents on the construction site seriously threaten the life and health of the people and the safety of property. Therefore, more and more researchers begin to pay more and more attention to how to reduce and control the risk factors of construction site, and to create a higher safety environment. A large number of research results are aimed at the macro point of view of project management. Taking human subjective factors and illegal behaviors as the starting point and relying too much on expert opinions and historical data, the research content is lack of reality and practicability. This paper tries to stand on the microscopic perspective of highway construction layout. This paper analyzes the risk factors that may be faced in the process of field graphic design, and uses scientific methods to optimize and improve the safety management problems so as to avoid emptiness and theorization. Strengthening the maneuverability of construction management. By summarizing and sorting out the previous documents and materials, this paper makes use of scientific means such as risk assessment method of operating conditions to complete the primary selection and selection of risk indicators. Finally, a general risk evaluation index system of highway construction layout is constructed, although the setting of the index system is still slightly rough. But try to start from a new angle of view. This paper tries to combine the traditional grey relational analysis and ideal solution, each takes its advantages and complements each other. The improved grey correlation ideal solution is applied to solve the risk analysis problem of highway construction plane layout. The relative closeness degree of grey correlation is introduced as the evaluation standard of the core risk elements. This paper not only demonstrates the validity and superiority of the model in the risk analysis of highway construction layout, but also helps people to control and deal with the major risks more pertinently. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the layout of construction plane. With the help of the ideal solution, the selection and evaluation of alternative schemes are completed, which not only proves the superiority of GA algorithm in the study of highway construction layout optimization, At the same time, a more perfect evaluation attribute is established for the decision-making system of the alternative scheme. Using the actual case of plane layout of Biwei Expressway, this paper not only fully explains the concrete derivation process of the above research methods. Moreover, the paper systematically analyzes the core risks in the plane layout of Biwei Expressway, completes the ranking of the influence of the risk, and through the optimization and improvement of the original scheme, the relative closeness degree of the grey correlation is improved by 6.95%, which achieves the expected research purpose. The method of risk analysis and scheme optimization of highway construction layout is extended in this paper. Through the analysis, the overall plan of highway design is optimized, and the risk of highway operation is reduced. The safety grade of the construction site is improved and the purpose of this paper is realized.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U415.1

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