对我国分子生态学研究近期发展战略的一些思考

发布时间：2018-06-03 14:45

本文选题：生态表观组学 + 生态基因组学　；参考：《生物多样性》2015年05期

【摘要】：分子生态学是多学科交叉的整合性研究领域,是运用进化生物学理论解决宏观生物学问题的科学。经过半个多世纪的发展,本学科已日趋成熟,它不仅已经广泛渗透到宏观生物学的众多学科领域,而且已经成为连接和融合很多不同学科的桥梁,是目前最具活力的研究领域之一。其研究的范畴,从最基础的理论和方法技术,到格局和模式的发现和描述,到对过程和机制的深入探讨,再到付诸于实践的行动和规划指导等各个层次。分子生态学的兴起给宏观生物学带来了若干飞跃性的变化,使宏观生物学由传统的以观察、测量和推理为主的描述性研究转变为以从生物和种群的遗传构成的变化和历史演化背景上检验、证明科学假设及揭示机制和规律为主的机制性/解释性研究,因而使得对具有普遍意义的科学规律、生态和进化过程及机制的探索成为可能。分子生态学已经进入组学研究时代,这使得阐明复杂生态过程、生物地理过程和适应性演化过程的机制性研究由原来难以企及的梦想变成完全可以实现的探求;它也带来了全新的挑战,其中最有深远影响的将是对分子生态学研究至关重要的进化生物学基础理论方面的突破,例如遗传变异理论、种群分化理论、表观遗传因素的作用,乃至进化生物学的基本知识构架等等。这些方面的进展必将使宏观生物学迎来一场空前的革命,并对生态学的所有分支学科产生重大影响,甚至催生诸如生态表观组学这样的新分支学科。对于中国科学家来说,分子生态学组学时代的开启,更是一个千载难逢的机遇,为提出和建立生命科学的新方法、新假说、新思想和新理论提供了莫大的探索空间——此前我们对宏观生物学方法、理论和思想的发展贡献很小。然而,限制组学时代重大突破的关键因素是理论、概念、理念、实验方法或分析方法方面的创新和突破,这正是我国分子生态学研究最薄弱的环节。我国教育部门应尽快调整生命科学本科生培养的理念和方法,以培养具备突出创新潜力的年轻一代后备人才;同时,科研项目资助部门和研究人员不仅应清醒地认识本学科领域的发展态势,更要及时调整思路,树立新的项目管理理念和治学理念。
[Abstract]:Molecular ecology is a multidisciplinary and integrated research field. It is the science of applying evolutionary biology theory to solve macrobiological problems. After more than half a century of development, the subject has become more and more mature. It has not only penetrated into many fields of macrobiology, but also has become a bridge to connect and integrate many different disciplines. It is one of the most dynamic research fields at present. The scope of its research is from the most basic theory and method technology to the discovery and description of pattern and pattern to the deep discussion of the process and mechanism to the practical action and planning guidance and so on. The rise of molecular ecology has brought a number of leaps and bounds to macrobiology, which has made macrobiology from traditional observation. Descriptive research based on measurement and reasoning has been transformed into institutional / explanatory research based on the genetic changes and historical evolution of organisms and populations, proving scientific assumptions and revealing mechanisms and laws. This makes it possible to explore the scientific laws, ecological and evolutionary processes and mechanisms of universal significance. Molecular ecology has entered the age of cluster study, which makes the systematic research of complex ecological process, biogeographic process and adaptive evolution process change from the original dream which is difficult to achieve to the exploration that can be completely realized. It also presents new challenges, the most far-reaching of which will be breakthroughs in the basic theories of evolutionary biology that are crucial to the study of molecular ecology, such as the theory of genetic variation, the theory of population differentiation, the role of epigenetic factors, Even the basic knowledge structure of evolutionary biology and so on. The progress in these fields will make macrobiology usher in an unprecedented revolution, and have a great influence on all branches of ecology, and even give birth to new branches such as ecological epigenetics. For Chinese scientists, the beginning of the era of molecular ecology is a rare opportunity to propose and establish new methods of life science, a new hypothesis, New ideas and new theories provide a great space for exploration-previously we have made little contribution to the development of macrobiological methods, theories and ideas. However, the key factor limiting the breakthrough in the age of grouping is the innovation and breakthrough in the fields of theory, concept, idea, experimental method or analytical method, which is the weakest link in the study of molecular ecology in China. The education department of our country should adjust the concept and method of undergraduate training of life science as soon as possible, so as to train the young generation reserve talents with outstanding innovation potential, at the same time, The research project support departments and researchers should not only clearly understand the development situation of the subject, but also adjust their thinking in time, and establish new project management and research ideas.
【作者单位】：中国科学院动物研究所;中国科学院北京基因组研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(30730016) 中国科学院先导专项基金(XDB13030200)
【分类号】：Q149

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