安全视角下空间受限项目的时间计划研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 16:32

本文选题：项目管理 + 空间受限项目　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化的推进以及信息技术的高速发展,项目的参与主体多、工程周期长、社会影响广、涉及因素多的特点更加突出,导致项目的规模越来越大,复杂性越来越高。同时,人类社会的快速发展,也使得项目所处的环境变得越来越复杂,项目空间约束的情况也变得更加严重。在空间约束项目中,在有限的空间中同时往往有多个工序并行执行,工序之间会因为空间资源使用冲突而发生相互影响。因此,在项目复杂度越来越高,项目规模越来越大的同时,项目所在空间的约束却变得越来越严重,导致项目的安全风险急剧增加。项目一旦发生安全事故,不仅会使项目工期失控,严重偏离计划,而且还会造成人员伤亡、财物损失,给项目造成巨大损失。那么,如何尽可能地减少空间受限项目的安全事故?为此,本文进行了安全视角下空间受限项目的时间计划研究,本文希望在项目管理的计划阶段就开始着力降低空间受限项目的安全风险。因此,本文针对空间受限项目中某些相互影响比较严重,容易导致安全事故的并行活动,调整执行模式,以降低安全风险,在此基础上编制空间受限项目的时间计划,最终以项目网络图的形式反映出来,用于指导项目实施,以达到减少项目安全事故,保证项目收益的目的。本文主要进行了以下研究：首先,本文通过研究典型的空间受限项目,总结了空间受限项目的一些特点,包括：受限性、复杂性、密集性、协作性、危险性等,并尝试定义空间受限项目的概念,“空间受限项目”是指项目实施过程中作业面受到比较严重的空间约束,这里的空间约束包括项目整体的空间约束和项目中某个作业环节的空间约束,在某项目中只要存在这两种约束中的一种或者两种,那么该项目就可以被称为“空间受限项目”。其次,本文通过研究典型空间受限项目中发生的安全事故,总结导致空间受限项目安全事故的原因以及特点,原因包括：项目空间资源不足,项目管理与实施不当,项目所处环境不利等；特点包括：严重性、多发性、可变性、复杂性、次生性。再次,本文分析总结了传统项目管理中时间计划的不足和空间受限与项目安全的以及与项目进度的关系,在传统的项目时间计划制定过程的基础上,从安全视角切入,设计了空间受限项目的时间计划的制定过程,并且设计优化模型和算法。为了验证模型和算法的有效性,设计了数值算例进行了校验,验证结果表明本文提出时间计划制定过程具有一定的有效性,不但减少了项目安全事故的发生,而且也不会造成项目工期的急剧增加。最后,总结了本次研究的主要内容、创新以及不足之处。本研究是对“空间受限项目”这一研究课题的初次尝试,存在很多不足之处。“空间受限项目”是一个具有非常广阔研究前景的研究课题,希望有越来越多的学者可以关注这一课题。
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and the rapid development of information technology, the participation of the project is more and more involved, the project cycle is long, the social influence is wide, the factors involving many factors are more prominent, the scale of the project is more and more large and the complexity is more and more high. At the same time, the rapid development of human society also makes the environment of the project become more and more. The more complex it is, the situation of project space constraints is becoming more serious. In a space constrained project, multiple processes are often executed in a limited space, and the interaction between processes will affect each other because of the conflict of space resources. Therefore, the project is more and more complex and the project is more and more large and the project is empty. The constraints between the projects have become more and more serious, resulting in a sharp increase in the safety risk of the project. Once a project has a safety accident, it will not only make the project time limit out of control, seriously deviate from the plan, but also cause casualties, loss of property, and huge losses to the project. So, how to reduce the safety accidents of space limited projects as possible? This paper studies the time planning of space limited projects under the security perspective. This paper hopes to reduce the security risk of space limited projects in the planning stage of the project management. Therefore, this paper aims at the serious interaction of some space limited projects, which can easily lead to the parallel activities of the security accidents, and adjust the execution mode. In order to reduce the security risk, the time plan of the limited space project is compiled on this basis. Finally, it is reflected in the form of the project network diagram to guide the implementation of the project in order to reduce the project safety accident and ensure the purpose of the project income. This paper mainly carried out the following research: first, this paper studies the typical space limited item. Some characteristics of space limited projects are summarized, including constraints, complexity, intensity, collaboration and danger, and try to define the concept of space limited projects. "Space limited projects" refer to the more serious space constraints in the process of project implementation, and the spatial constraints here include the space of the whole project. The space constraints of a task link in a beam and a project, as long as there are one or two of the two constraints in a project, then the project can be called the "space limited project". Secondly, this paper summarizes the causes of the safety accidents in the limited space project by studying the safety accidents in the typical space limited projects. And its characteristics include: lack of project space resources, improper project management and implementation, unfavorable environment in the project, etc. characteristics include: serious, multiple, variability, complexity and sub nature. Thirdly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the shortage of time planning in the traditional project management, the space limitation and project safety, and the project progress. The relation of degree, on the basis of the traditional project time planning process, from the security perspective, design the time plan of the space limited project, and design the optimization model and algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the model and algorithm, a numerical example is designed and verified. The results show that the time meter is proposed in this paper. The process of drawing up has some effectiveness, which not only reduces the occurrence of project safety accidents, but also does not cause a sharp increase in project time. Finally, it summarizes the main contents, innovation and shortcomings of this study. This study is the first attempt of the "space limited project", and there are many shortcomings. "Space constrained project" is a research topic with very broad research prospects. I hope more and more scholars can pay attention to this topic.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU712

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