脱硝工程项目管理难点及对策分析

发布时间：2018-10-05 10:57

【摘要】：长期以来，中国能源结构比较单一，以煤炭、天然气、石油为主。各类锅炉、窑炉等设备，在使用煤炭、天然气、石油等燃料过程中，会产生大量的二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等大气污染物，其中燃煤锅炉产生的大气污染最为严重，是中国目前大气污染的主要来源渠道。根据有关部门统计，中国八成以上的电力燃料、七成以上的化工燃料、六成以上的化工原材料和八成以上的供热都由煤炭燃烧产生。在很长的一段时间内，这种情况将不会发生大的变化。燃煤电厂是烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化物等主要大气污染物的排放大户，近年来，国家制定出台的一系列相应的法律法规、规划、技术政策等，对燃煤电厂为代表的大气污染大户的排放标准提出了更高的要求。GB13223-2003《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》的实施，大大推动了燃煤电厂大气污染物排放的控制，保护了生态环境，推动了环保行业的技术进步。中国政府不断加大力度推动环境保护工作，但环保形势仍然非常严峻，以煤炭为主要能源的结构导致大气污染物的排放总量居高不下，潜在的环境问题不断涌现，某些地区的大气污染问题更加明显，比如珠三角、长三角、京津冀地区等区域城市圈呈现大气污染区域集中的现象，氮氧化物的污染问题日益引起广大群众的关注，酸雨的类型也已经从硫酸型向硫酸和硝酸复合型转变。 GB13223-2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》规定，要控制二氧化硫、烟尘、氮氧化物和汞及其化合物四种污染物，执行的标准不断提高。《国家“十二五”节能减排规划》（征求意见稿）对大气污染物治理提出了明确的要求：新建燃煤机组必须要安装脱硫脱硝设备，完成5056万千瓦正在运行燃煤机组脱硫设备的配套建设，对4267万千瓦不能稳定达标运行的机组进行脱硫技术改造，完成7000万千瓦燃煤机组低氮燃烧改造和4亿千瓦燃煤机组脱硝改造。随着我国政府和民众对环保重视程度的不断提升，脱硝行业近几年呈现迅猛增长的态势。脱硝工程公司也随之雨后春笋般飞速增加，，相比市场的扩张和公司数量的增加，脱硝工程公司项目管理也开始出现各式各样的问题。为了探讨提升脱硝工程项目管理的途径，需要不断思考脱硝工程项目管理的难点在哪里，需要寻找突破这些难点的路径，以达到脱硝工程项目能规范管理、高效运作。本文旨在分析烟气脱硝工程项目管理中的难点，并提出相应的解决之道，它对脱硝工程公司做好烟气治理工作具有一定的理论研究价值和现实的指导意义。
[Abstract]:For a long time, China's energy structure is relatively simple, mainly to coal, natural gas and oil. In the process of using coal, natural gas, petroleum and other fuels, a large number of atmospheric pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will be produced by various types of boilers, such as kilns and furnaces, among which the air pollution from coal-fired boilers is the most serious. It is the main source of air pollution in China. According to statistics from relevant departments, more than 80 percent of China's electric power fuels, more than 70 percent of chemical fuels, more than 60 percent of chemical raw materials and more than 80 percent of heat supply are produced by coal combustion. For a long time, this will not change much. Coal-fired power plants are major emitters of major atmospheric pollutants such as soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In recent years, the state has formulated a series of corresponding laws, regulations, plans, technical policies, etc. Higher requirements are put forward for the emission standards of large air polluters represented by coal-fired power plants. The implementation of the Standard of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission in Thermal Power plants (GB13223-2003) has greatly promoted the control of atmospheric pollutants emissions from coal-fired power plants and protected the ecological environment. Has promoted the technical progress of the environmental protection profession. The Chinese government has continuously stepped up efforts to promote environmental protection, but the environmental protection situation is still very serious. The structure of coal as the main energy source has led to high emissions of atmospheric pollutants and emerging potential environmental problems. In some areas, the air pollution problem is even more obvious. For example, the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other regional urban circles present a phenomenon of regional concentration of air pollution. The pollution of nitrogen oxides has increasingly attracted the attention of the general public. The type of acid rain has also changed from sulfuric acid type to sulfuric acid and nitric acid complex type. The GB13223-2011 Standard for Atmospheric Pollutant Emission from Thermal Power plants stipulates that four pollutants, sulfur dioxide, soot, nitrogen oxides, mercury and their compounds, should be controlled, and the standards to be implemented are continuously improved. The "12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving and Emission reduction" (draft for soliciting opinions) puts forward clear requirements for the treatment of air pollutants: new coal-fired units must install desulfurization and denitrification equipment, To complete the supporting construction of 5056 kilowatts of desulfurization equipment for coal burning units, and to retrofit the desulfurization technology of 4267 million kilowatt units that cannot run stably up to the standard. 7000 kilowatts coal-fired unit low-nitrogen combustion transformation and 400 million kilowatt coal-fired unit denitrification transformation. With the increasing attention of government and people to environmental protection, denitrification industry has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the rapid growth of denitrification engineering companies, compared with the expansion of the market and the increase of the number of companies, the project management of denitrification engineering companies also began to appear a variety of problems. In order to explore the ways to improve the project management of denitrification projects, it is necessary to constantly think about the difficulties in project management of denitrification projects, and to find ways to break through these difficulties so as to achieve standardized management and efficient operation of denitrification projects. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difficulties in project management of flue gas denitrification project, and to put forward the corresponding solutions, which have certain theoretical research value and practical guiding significance for the flue gas treatment work done by the denitrification engineering company.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X773

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