基于BIM技术的A设计院水电工程项目管理研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 09:31

【摘要】：建筑信息模型(BIM,Building Information Modeling)是数字技术在建筑业中的直接表达,牵涉到整个建筑工程全生命周期的各个环节。工程设计行业作为BIM技术应用的领军者,在水电工程建设行业中也是率先依托设计企业引入和实施BIM技术的。设计企业引入BIM技术既是为了满足自身业务发展的现实需求,也在一定程度上受市场环境与需求的倒逼。然而,从实践情况看,设计院应用BIM技术并不顺畅,这不仅仅是单纯的信息技术工具与软件的简单应用,更涉及到企业现有技术流程、管理模式甚至组织方式的革新。本文首先通过对分散于多个不同行业里的多个设计企业进行充分调研,深入了解其BIM技术应用与实施现状,凝炼其共性成功经验。其次,在分析了工程本身特点对BIM实施的影响、考虑了相关方在BIM方面的技术成熟度、不同工程阶段及其对应的不同BIM模块等方面之后,以A设计院的具体实践为例,综合上述因素,利用专家评分法对实施BIM技术的待选项目做出选择。再次,依据项目管理中的干系人管理理论与方法,识别A设计院在实施BIM技术过程中的重要干系人,并对主要干系人进行分类和排序。最后,分别对BIM技术的两大应用层次——协同管理平台和三维BIM设计手段加以分析,深入研究它们在水电工程项目管理中的具体应用。研究发现:从同类设计企业看,应用BIM较好的公司大都进行了本地化的二次开发、增加了三维校审环节、改变了最终施工图纸表达方式。根据分析结果,存在三类需要项目经理特别注意的干系人:BIM 一线设计者的直属领导、软件商和上游数据提供商(或选定应用模块的上游专业)。从项目管理理念中的沟通管理角度观察,基于BIM的协同管理平台,可以在沟通管理方面提供更好的办法。从项目时间(进度)管理角度分析,由于基于BIM的设计手段在流程上会有明显的工作量前移,所以原有设计过程的进度计划将有很大变化。本研究的相关结果可以为正在或将要引入BIM技术的同类企业提供借鉴。在项目选择与模块选择方面,能够帮助企业理性的集中研究力量在个别项目或重点模块上,可以节约愈发宝贵的时间与人力资源;在具体实施BIM方面,能够在一定程度上使企业可以更好的保障实施BIM的成功率。而工程设计企业成功应用BIM将给企业自身带来质的变化,可以在将来更趋激烈的国际化竞争中打下坚实的技术与管理基础。
[Abstract]:Building information model (BIM,Building Information Modeling) is the direct expression of digital technology in the construction industry, which involves every link of the whole life cycle of construction engineering. Engineering design industry as a leader in the application of BIM technology is also the first to rely on design enterprises to introduce and implement BIM technology in hydropower engineering construction industry. The introduction of BIM technology to design enterprises is not only to meet the actual needs of their own business development, but also to some extent forced by the market environment and demand. However, from the point of view of practice, the application of BIM technology in design institutes is not only a simple application of information technology tools and software, but also involves the innovation of existing technological processes, management patterns and even organizational methods of enterprises. In this paper, first of all, through the full investigation of many design enterprises scattered in many different industries, we deeply understand the application and implementation status of BIM technology, and refine its common successful experience. Secondly, after analyzing the influence of the engineering characteristics on the implementation of BIM, considering the technical maturity of the relevant parties in BIM, different engineering stages and their corresponding different BIM modules, this paper takes the concrete practice of A Design Institute as an example. According to the above factors, the expert scoring method is used to select the items to be selected for the implementation of BIM technology. Thirdly, according to the theory and method of stakeholder management in project management, the important stakeholders in the process of implementing BIM technology in A design institute are identified, and the main stakeholders are classified and sorted. Finally, this paper analyzes the two application levels of BIM technology, the collaborative management platform and the design means of 3D BIM, and deeply studies their specific application in hydropower project management. It is found that from the point of view of the similar design enterprises, most of the companies with good BIM have carried out local secondary development, increased the three-dimension checking link, and changed the expression mode of the final construction drawings. According to the results of the analysis, there are three types of stakeholders that require the special attention of the project manager: the direct leader of the BIM front-line designer, the software vendor and the upstream data provider (or the upstream specialty of the selected application module). From the point of view of communication management in the concept of project management, the collaborative management platform based on BIM can provide a better method in communication management. From the point of view of project time (schedule) management, the schedule of the original design process will change greatly because the design method based on BIM will have obvious workload forward in the process. The results of this study can be used for reference for similar enterprises that are introducing or will introduce BIM technology. In the aspect of project selection and module selection, it can help enterprises to focus their research efforts rationally on individual projects or key modules, which can save more and more valuable time and human resources. In the specific implementation of BIM, to a certain extent, enterprises can better guarantee the success rate of implementing BIM. The successful application of BIM in engineering design enterprises will bring qualitative changes to the enterprises themselves and will lay a solid foundation of technology and management in the future more intense international competition.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV51

【参考文献】