论国家实施网络入侵的行为性质与反制措施——以“斯诺登事件”为线索

发布时间：2018-06-28 05:04

本文选题：网络入侵 + 行为性质　；参考：《科学与社会》2013年04期

【摘要】："斯诺登事件"揭示出国家实施网络入侵的现实威胁。《联合国宪章》是对该行为定性的法律依据。根据《联合国宪章》,国家实施的网络入侵必然是对国家主权平等原则的违背,但并不必然违背不使用武力或武力威胁原则。对于网络入侵是否构成使用武力或武力威胁,相比行为手段,更可行的方法是通过损害后果来判断,即网络入侵是否导致现实世界的重大人员财产损失或此类威胁。对构成"使用武力或武力威胁"的网络入侵,受害国可以进行自卫,包括应用常规军事手段,同时应当遵守相称性,但国际法在追究加害国及其领导人的法律责任方面恐怕难有作为。对不构成"使用武力或武力威胁"的网络入侵,国际法几乎无法为受害国的反制措施提供有效依据,但受害国可以通过自己的国内法采取适当的反制措施,具体而言,就是对帮助或参与国家实施网络入侵的自然人和法人进行规制。
[Abstract]:The Snowden incident reveals the real threat of national cyber intrusion. The Charter of the United Nations is the legal basis for the characterization of this act. According to the Charter of the United Nations, network intrusion carried out by a country is bound to be a violation of the principle of sovereign equality of States, but it does not necessarily violate the principle of non-use or threat of use of force. The more feasible way to judge whether the network intrusion constitutes the use of force or the threat of force is to judge by the result of damage, that is, whether the network intrusion leads to the great loss of real world people's property or this kind of threat. In the event of a cyber intrusion that constitutes a "threat or use of force", the injured State may defend itself, including by conventional military means, while respecting proportionality, But international law is unlikely to do much to hold perpetrators and their leaders accountable. In the case of cyber intrusions that do not constitute "the use or threat of use of force", international law can hardly provide an effective basis for countermeasures by an injured State, but the injured State may, through its own domestic law, take appropriate countermeasures, specifically, Is to help or participate in the national network intrusion of natural and legal persons to regulate.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学国际法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目青年项目(12CFX093) 上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(国际法学J51103)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：TP393.08

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