TCP穿越NAT的P2P通信关键技术研究与应用
发布时间：2018-12-17 04:43
【摘要】：随着IPv4地址的日渐枯竭,而IPv6短期内又无法大范围实用,为了解决网络地址不足的问题,NAT(Network Address Translation,网络地址转换)技术被广泛应用。它是一种将私有IP地址转化为合法公有IP地址的转换技术,主要应用于各种类型的Internet接入方式和各种类型的网络中。通过NAT的转接,局域网内具有私有IP地址的主机在需要访问外网时,可以伪装成具有一个公网IP地址,以完成数据的收发过程。但NAT的存在恰恰又阻碍了许多基于P2P通信的应用建立TCP连接。这是由于NAT设备会屏蔽来自外部未经授权的数据包,所谓“未经授权”是指没有内网主机发起连接在先而“不请自到”的数据包。因此导致了不同NAT设备后的主机无法通信的问题,因为双方都无法向对方发起连接,所有SYN请求包都将被对方的NAT屏蔽。 为此,如何穿越NAT设备以实现更加广泛的P2P互联,成为当前网络发展中亟待解决的一大问题。针对NAT设备的非标准化和多样化,目前已经发展出多种穿越NAT的技术,不同的技术方案有不同的适用范围、实现复杂度和成功率。本文就各种NAT穿越方案进行了简要的介绍和对比,随后提出了一个崭新的NAT穿越方案——P2PNAT#2。该方案利用TCP同时打开达到穿越的目的,同时又可解决同时打开对时序的苛刻要求。
[Abstract]:With the exhaustion of IPv4 address, IPv6 can not be widely used in the short term. In order to solve the problem of network address shortage, NAT (Network Address Translation, network address translation (, NAT (Network Address Translation,) technology has been widely used. It is a technology of transforming private IP address into legal public IP address. It is mainly used in various types of Internet access methods and various types of network. Through the transfer of NAT, the host with private IP address in the LAN can pretend to have a public network IP address when it needs to access the external network, so as to complete the data sending and receiving process. However, the existence of NAT prevents many P2P applications from establishing TCP connections. This is because the NAT device shields unauthorized packets from outside. The term "unauthorized" refers to packets that are "unsolicited" without a connection initiated by an intranet host. As a result, hosts behind different NAT devices cannot communicate because neither side can initiate a connection to each other, and all SYN request packets will be blocked by each other's NAT. Therefore, how to traverse NAT devices to realize more extensive P2P interconnection has become a major problem to be solved in the current network development. Aiming at the non-standardization and diversification of NAT devices, many techniques have been developed to traverse NAT. Different technical schemes have different application scope, complexity and success rate. This paper briefly introduces and compares various NAT traversal schemes, and then proposes a new NAT traversal scheme, P2PNAT#2. This scheme uses TCP to achieve the purpose of traversing at the same time, it can solve the exacting requirement of timing at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP393.04
本文编号：2383675
[Abstract]:With the exhaustion of IPv4 address, IPv6 can not be widely used in the short term. In order to solve the problem of network address shortage, NAT (Network Address Translation, network address translation (, NAT (Network Address Translation,) technology has been widely used. It is a technology of transforming private IP address into legal public IP address. It is mainly used in various types of Internet access methods and various types of network. Through the transfer of NAT, the host with private IP address in the LAN can pretend to have a public network IP address when it needs to access the external network, so as to complete the data sending and receiving process. However, the existence of NAT prevents many P2P applications from establishing TCP connections. This is because the NAT device shields unauthorized packets from outside. The term "unauthorized" refers to packets that are "unsolicited" without a connection initiated by an intranet host. As a result, hosts behind different NAT devices cannot communicate because neither side can initiate a connection to each other, and all SYN request packets will be blocked by each other's NAT. Therefore, how to traverse NAT devices to realize more extensive P2P interconnection has become a major problem to be solved in the current network development. Aiming at the non-standardization and diversification of NAT devices, many techniques have been developed to traverse NAT. Different technical schemes have different application scope, complexity and success rate. This paper briefly introduces and compares various NAT traversal schemes, and then proposes a new NAT traversal scheme, P2PNAT#2. This scheme uses TCP to achieve the purpose of traversing at the same time, it can solve the exacting requirement of timing at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP393.04
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