《儒林外史》“讽刺说”献疑

发布时间：2018-04-14 06:06

本文选题：《儒林外史》 + 讽刺　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自鲁迅在《中国小说史略》中将《儒林外史》冠上“讽刺之书”一名,长期以来,读者、研究者往往在“讽刺小说”的视野下对《儒林外史》进行赏析阐释。但作为一部优秀的写实小说,讽刺不是《儒林外史》的全部内容。因此,本文对《儒林外史》作为“讽刺小说”的说法提出质疑。论文首先对中国讽刺文学进行探讨,结合古代文论与文学作品,通过对讽刺与讽刺文学的界定,寻找出讽刺文学的特征,并选取具体的讽刺文学作品进行文本分析。然后深入《儒林外史》小说文本,并结合作者其他作品赏析,发现作者受《诗经》及史书的影响,在小说中运用了高明的讽刺艺术。但讽刺只是小说的一部分,小说还有颂扬的一面。作者用白描手法进行描写,他的意图是以一种冷静客观的视角对人物社会进行实录。小说的主旨在于体现世人——尤其是儒士面对“功名富贵”的众生相,由于作者意图与小说主旨并不在讽刺上,不能满足讽刺文学的特征,因此不应该将《儒林外史》归至讽刺文学的行列中。最后论述《儒林外史》之所以作为讽刺小说,是因为鲁迅等学者借鉴采用了西方的小说类型划分及讽刺概念,对中国古典小说作出的阐释,这种做法对《儒林外史》小说本身而言得失并重。虽然《儒林外史》因而得到了在小说史上地位的确立以及学者们对它的重视与研究,但对小说而言也是一种限定。这种小说类型本身不仅存在着不合理之处,还使得研究者往往从“讽刺”的角度去探讨小说的内容价值而忽略甚至误读了“讽刺”之外的价值内容。本文对《儒林外史》“讽刺说”提出质疑,并不是为了否定小说中高超的讽刺艺术,也不是为了否定鲁迅等前人为小说研究所作的努力与价值,而是希望我们在论述中国古典小说时,不以自己固有的思维模式先入为主,能够抱以“同情之了解”心态,深入小说本身,全面感受作家表现的心态与作品反映的社会。
[Abstract]:Since Lu Xun named "the Book of satire" in the History of Chinese Fiction, readers and researchers often appreciate and interpret it from the perspective of "satirical novel".But as an excellent realistic novel, satire is not the whole content of the History of Confucianism.Therefore, this paper questions the theory of "the history of Confucianism" as "satire novel".This paper first discusses the Chinese satirical literature, combines the ancient literary theory and literary works, through the definition of satirical and satirical literature, finds out the characteristics of satirical literature, and selects the specific satirical literary works for text analysis.Then it is found that the author is influenced by the Book of songs and the historical books and uses the brilliant art of satire in the novel by going deep into the text of the novel and combining with the appreciation of the author's other works.But satire is only a part of the novel, which has a side to praise.His intention is to record the character society in a calm and objective perspective.The main purpose of the novel is to embody the common people, especially the Confucian scholars, facing the "fame and fame", because the author's intention and the theme of the novel are not satirical, so they can not satisfy the characteristics of satirical literature.Therefore, the history of Confucianism should not be classified into the ranks of satirical literature.Finally, the reason why "the history of Confucianism and foreign affairs" is regarded as satirical novel is that Lu Xun and other scholars draw lessons from the western classification of novel types and the concept of satire, and interpret Chinese classical novels.This approach is equally important to the novel itself.Although "the history of Confucianism" has been established in the history of novels and scholars attach importance to it, it is also a kind of limitation to the novel.This kind of novel not only has some irrationality, but also makes the researchers often probe into the content value of the novel from the angle of satire, while neglecting or even misreading the value content other than "satire".This paper questions satire in the History of Confucianism, which is not to deny the superb satirical art in the novel, nor to deny the efforts and value of Lu Xun and other predecessors in the study of the novel.It is hoped that when we discuss Chinese classical novels, we should not presuppose our own inherent mode of thinking, adopt the mentality of "understanding with compassion", go deep into the novel itself, and fully feel the mentality of the writer and the society reflected by the works.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.41

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