“进化论”和“国民性”在鲁迅思想中的关系之研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 09:04

本文选题：鲁迅 + 进化论　；参考：《苏州大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：“进化论”和“国民性”都是在鲁迅思想中占据重要地位的组成部分。在十九世纪末的背景下,二者有类似的思想发展谱系,它们在西方产生、演变,并同时作为普遍性的思想资源向东方传播。在“救亡”和“启蒙”双重变奏余音之下的青年鲁迅在短时间内接受了这二者,并有意无意地将两者结合起来,最终使两者在其思想内部呈现出互相支撑又互相渗透的复杂关系。本文试图还原鲁迅早期思想的发展路径,构建出二者关系的可能图景。本文将分为三章进行论述。第一章:梳理“进化论”和“国民性”在十九世纪末的思想发展谱系。借由本章,笔者试图强调:(1)“进化论”作为一种“观念革命”迅速地渗透到了生物、社会、文化等多个领域,其最重要的作用在于从事实上固化了人类的“进步”理念。(2)主观精神是潜伏在晚清“国民性”思潮的中的一条重要线索。第二章:明确“进化论”和“国民性”在鲁迅思想中的特点和地位。借由本章,笔者试图突出:(1)在尼采等相关思想的影响下,“退化”和“精神”是鲁迅进入“进化论”的重要维度。(2)“国民性”在鲁迅眼中是一个动态概念,其和“文化”的进化存在正相关。第三章:“进化论”和“国民性”关系的建构。本章是论文的重点和难点。笔者将从两者联系的可能性和两者具体的联系路径这两个层次进行建构。首先,针对可能性,笔者试图突出:(1)鲁迅的思想资源共同的“进化论”色彩。(2)鲁迅“问题意识”的导向作用。(3)尼采思路的可能影响。其次,关于具体联系,笔者将着力分析:(1)从“进化”到“立人”。(2)从“精神退化”到“文化批判”。
[Abstract]:Evolution and national character are important parts of Lu Xun thought. Under the background of the end of the 19th century, they had similar lineages of thought development, which emerged and evolved in the West and spread to the East as a universal ideological resource at the same time. Young Lu Xun, under the duality of Salvation and Enlightenment, accepted the two in a short period of time and combined them intentionally or unintentionally. In the end, the two have a complex relationship of mutual support and mutual penetration in their thoughts. This paper attempts to restore the development path of Lu Xun's early thought and construct a possible picture of their relationship. This article will be divided into three chapters to discuss. Chapter one: combing the genealogy of evolution and national character at the end of the nineteenth century. Through this chapter, the author tries to emphasize: (1) as a kind of "idea revolution", the theory of evolution has rapidly penetrated into many fields, such as biology, society, culture, etc. Its most important function is to solidify the idea of "progress" in fact. (2) the subjective spirit is an important clue in the ideological trend of "national character" in the late Qing Dynasty. Chapter two: clarify the characteristics and status of Evolutionism and Nationalism in Lu Xun's thought. Through this chapter, the author tries to highlight: (1) under the influence of Nietzsche and other related thoughts, "degeneration" and "spirit" are the important dimensions for Lu Xun to enter the theory of evolution. (2) "national character" is a dynamic concept in the eyes of Lu Xun. It is positively related to the evolution of culture. Chapter three: the construction of the relationship between Evolutionism and nationality. This chapter is the focus and difficulty of the thesis. The author will construct them from the two levels: the possibility of their connection and the specific path of their connection. Firstly, aiming at the possibility, the author tries to highlight: (1) the common "evolutionary theory" color of Lu Xun's ideological resources; (2) the guiding role of Lu Xun's "problem consciousness"; (3) the possible influence of Nietzsche's thinking. Secondly, the author will focus on the following aspects: (1) from "evolution" to "building man"; (2) from "spiritual degeneration" to "cultural criticism".
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I210

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