论《白鹿原》中的四维文化空间

发布时间：2018-07-21 13:11

【摘要】：陈忠实在《白鹿原》中书写了四种不同的文化空间及其关系,通过这种书写,反映了作者对清朝末年至新中国成立初期这段文化史,自身复杂而矛盾的文化态度。论文主要分成三个部分,第一部分是绪论,阐述了《白鹿原》的研究现状,及“空间”、“文化空间”的概念界定。第二部分是主体部分,此部分分别阐释了四种不同文化空间的特征、品质及生存状态。首先是知识精英文化空间:书院,书院在空间上呈现出“高”、“远”的特点,对世人构成一种俯视的姿态,对白鹿原上的人们有着无可替代的精神指导作用,其“温和”、“宽容”的品质,让人们对它充满敬意。但随着历史潮流的更进,作者对此类知识精英文化的生存也流露出了一种无可回避的无奈之感。其次是宗法文化空间:祠堂,祠堂封闭与居中的空间特点,体现了它庄严不可侵犯的特征,在族长白嘉轩的主持下,对白鹿两姓的族人从出生到死亡,占据着绝对的规训与领导的权力,然而其封闭性与庄严性在时代的发展中逐渐失去生存的优势,这是宗法文化在当下社会历史进程中,不得不面对的生存困境。再次是政治文化空间:保障所,保障所代表着新兴的政治文化,于废旧中立新,于封闭中开放是其空间位置的特点,对白鹿原上旧有的文化,特别是宗法文化,发出了强劲的挑战,斗争性成为了它的本质。这种新兴势力顺应时代潮流而产生,然而鱼龙混杂,作者对其态度含混而模糊。最后是私人文化空间:破窑,破窑屈居于卑微的“村东头”,且人迹罕至,呈现出边缘化的空间特点。在白鹿原上各方势力的排挤下,生存空间日趋狭窄,成为了艰难的反抗者代表。不论是从田小娥的原型选择还是反抗精神的赋予,都透露出作者对她的同情与赞赏,但其遭镇压的结局,同时让这种反抗身陷绝境,看不到任何希望,体现出作者对这种反抗,感性上认同而理性上否定的矛盾态度。第三部分为结语部分,总括了作者的文化态度、空间关系及空间关系的原因探讨等内容。作者对四种不同的文化空间都给予了不同程度的关注与重视,同时也进行着相应的否决与消解,因此,一方面体现了作者真实记录历史的虔诚心理,另一方面也体现了作者面对特定历史时期复杂文化状态的矛盾与无奈。
[Abstract]:Chen Zhongshi wrote four different cultural spaces and their relations in White Deer Plain, which reflects the author's complicated and contradictory cultural attitude towards the cultural history from the late Qing Dynasty to the early stage of the founding of New China. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction, which expounds the present research situation of White Deer Plain and the definition of "space" and "cultural space". The second part is the main part, which explains the characteristics, quality and living state of four different cultural spaces. The first is the intellectual elite cultural space: the academy, the academy presents the characteristics of "high" and "far" in space, which constitute a kind of overlooking attitude to the world, and have an irreplaceable spiritual guidance role to the people on the White Deer Plains, and its "mild". The quality of tolerance makes people respect it. However, with the development of the historical trend, the author shows an unavoidable sense of helplessness in the survival of this kind of intellectual elite culture. Secondly, the patriarchal culture space: ancestral hall, the space characteristic of ancestral hall closed and centered, reflected its solemn and inviolable characteristic. Under the auspices of Bai Jiaxuan, the patriarchal clan, the clan with white deer's surname was from birth to death. It occupies the absolute authority of discipline and leadership, but its closeness and solemnity gradually lose the advantage of survival in the development of the times, which is the survival dilemma that patriarchal culture has to face in the present social and historical process. Thirdly, the political and cultural space: the security house, which represents the emerging political culture, is characterized by its space position, which is neutral in the old and new in the old, and open in the closed. The old culture, especially the patriarchal culture, in the White Deer Plains, is characterized by its space position. The challenge was strong, and fighting became its essence. This new force came into being in conformity with the times, but it was mixed, and the author's attitude toward it was vague and vague. Finally, the private cultural space: broken kiln, broken kiln to live in the humble "village east", and inaccessible, showing the characteristics of marginalized space. In the white deer on the exclusion of the various forces, the living space is becoming narrower, became a difficult representative of the rebels. Whether it is from Tian Xiaoe's prototype choice or from the gift of the spirit of resistance, it reveals the author's sympathy and appreciation for her, but the end of her being suppressed, and at the same time putting this resistance in a desperate state, without seeing any hope, reflecting the author's resistance to this kind of resistance. An ambivalent attitude of emotional identity and rational negation. The third part is the conclusion, which summarizes the author's cultural attitude, spatial relationship and the reasons of spatial relationship. The author pays more and more attention to the four different cultural spaces, and at the same time, they are vetoing and dispelling them. Therefore, on the one hand, it reflects the author's piety in recording history. On the other hand, it also reflects the contradiction and helplessness of the author facing the complicated cultural state in the specific historical period.
【学位授予单位】：湖南理工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.425

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