论中古诗歌私人化空间的建构——兼论诗歌新标准“诚”的提出

发布时间：2018-07-31 18:19

【摘要】：先秦两汉重视诗歌的讽谏与移风易俗作用,用“以一国之事,系一人之本”看待《诗经》、汉乐府作品的私人化抒情,诗歌中的私人空间被漠视了。屈原作品结合政治事件叙说了私人之“怨”,虽有刘安、司马迁高度赞扬,但遭到班固的批评。汉代楚歌在叙说公共化政治事件的同时,又表达私人空间的个人化情感,被当作事件实录。汉末无名氏“古诗”兴起,或假托公众人物苏武、李陵的赠答,或借助“游子、思妇”的赠答,虚拟的“赠答”为诗歌叙写私人空间提供了形式。汉末正式形成、至魏晋时呈发达之势的“赠答”诗作,诗歌有了确定的读者,与特定对象的交流,使诗歌抒发个体私人空间的情感有了文体保障。随着诗歌私人化的进程,诗歌标准除了“发乎情,止乎礼义”之外,又提出了“诚”,以张华“写心出中诚”为倡导。自此,无论在观念还是创作实践上,诗歌自觉地追求公共空间与私人空间两个天地的互动与交融,使其有了更广阔的发展前景。
[Abstract]:The Pre-Qin and Han dynasties attached great importance to the role of poetry in remonstrating and changing the customs, and regarded the Book of songs as "the matter of one country, the foundation of one person", the private lyricism of Han Yuefu's works and the disregard of the private space in poetry. Qu Yuan's works, which are highly praised by Liu An and Si Maqian, are criticized by Ban Gu. Chu songs in the Han Dynasty, while describing the public political events, also expressed the personal feelings of the private space, which was regarded as a record of events. In the end of Han Dynasty, the rise of Anonymous's "Ancient Poems", or the pseudo-public figures Su Wu, Li Ling's gift answer, or with the help of "wandering, thinking of women", the virtual "gift answer" provides a form for the private space of poetry. At the end of Han Dynasty, the poetry of "giving answer", which was developed in Wei and Jin dynasties, had definite readers, and the communication with specific objects ensured the style of expressing the emotion of individual and private space in poetry. With the process of personalization of poetry, the standard of poetry, besides "feeling and courtesy", puts forward "sincerity", which is advocated by Zhang Hua. Since then, no matter in the idea or the creation practice, the poetry consciously pursues the public space and the private space two worlds interaction and the fusion, has made it has the broader development prospect.
【作者单位】：广西师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：I207.22

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