新时期《格萨尔》史诗的保护与传承研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:54

【摘要】：2009年被联合国科教文组织列入《非物质文化遗产代表作名录》的藏族英雄史诗《格萨尔》,是藏族人民经过千年传唱下来的世界上最长的史诗,是藏族民间文化的百科全书。其保护与传承工作一直是格萨尔学界关注的焦点。在当下,文化交流日益频繁,主流文化涵化边缘文化,传统文化被现代文明严重冲击,这些对于《格萨尔》史诗未来的保护与传承工作将是严峻的挑战。对于新时期如何保护和传承《格萨尔》史诗的问题,笔者以黑格尔的史诗学为理论核心,辅以人类学和民俗学学科视野,进行了系统地论述与探析。第一章,通过整理实地田野调查资料,掌握了当今三大藏语方言区《格萨尔》史诗的保护与传承现状,并回顾了政府、科研机构及社会团体在史诗传承中作出的贡献,由此总结出了影响《格萨尔》史诗传承范围的诸多因素。第二章,通过整理艺人和民众的采访笔录,解读他们对于《格萨尔》史诗思想价值的认识,再对史诗中所包含的价值观念加以总结提炼。《格萨尔》史诗体现的价值观不同于佛教中所提倡的,但它却又披着弘扬佛法的外衣。在拨开了似乎矛盾的表象后,史诗的内在就是佛教与藏族本土文化融合后所形成的精神世界。史诗中展现出了藏民族积极向上的生活态度,这种价值观有别于佛教消极的不符合藏族实际的观念,故传唱至今也源于此。第三章,提出了新时期保护和传承《格萨尔》史诗的对策。通过展望藏区旅游业的发展前景,探讨如何将《格萨尔》史诗中的文化元素打造成旅游产品,再利用新媒体传播速度与广度的优势,扩大史诗的传播范围。新时期史诗的保护与传承依然需要依靠政府和科研机构,协调各方资源,引领史诗步入新的发展领域。以《格萨尔》史诗中所包涵的文化价值和精神理念为核心,通过各方团体的共同协作,并依靠旅游业的带动和新媒体的传播,最终使《格萨尔》史诗得到更好的保护与传承。
[Abstract]:The Tibetan heroic epic < Gesar >, which was listed by the United Nations Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2009, is the longest epic in the world passed down by the Tibetan people through a thousand years and an encyclopedia of Tibetan folk culture. Its protection and inheritance work has been the focus of Gesar academic attention. At present, cultural exchanges become more and more frequent, mainstream culture acculturates marginal culture, and traditional culture is seriously impacted by modern civilization, which will be a severe challenge to the future protection and inheritance of the epic. For the problem of how to protect and inherit the epic of Gesar in the new period, the author makes a systematic discussion and analysis with Hegel's epics as the theoretical core, supplemented by the field of view of anthropology and folklore. In the first chapter, by sorting out the field survey data, we have grasped the current situation of the conservation and inheritance of the epic in the three major Tibetan dialect areas, and reviewed the contributions made by the government, scientific research institutions and social organizations in the epic inheritance. Therefore, the author summarizes many factors that influence the inheritance range of the epic. In the second chapter, by sorting out the interview notes of the artists and the public, we will interpret their understanding of the ideological value of the epic of "Gesar." The epics embody different values from those advocated in Buddhism, but they are dressed in the cloak of carrying forward the Dharma. After dispelling the seemingly contradictory appearance, the inner part of the epic is the spiritual world formed by the fusion of Buddhism and Tibetan native culture. Tibetan people's positive attitude towards life is shown in the epic, which is different from the negative view of Buddhism, which is not in line with the Tibetan reality. The third chapter puts forward the countermeasures of protecting and inheriting the epic of Gesar in the new period. By looking forward to the development prospect of tourism in Tibetan area, this paper discusses how to turn the cultural elements of "Gesar" epic into tourism products, and then make use of the advantages of the speed and breadth of new media to expand the spread range of epic. In the new era, the protection and inheritance of epic still need to rely on the government and scientific research institutions, coordinate the resources of all parties, and lead the epic into a new field of development. Taking the cultural value and spiritual idea contained in the epic of "Gesar" as the core, through the joint cooperation of various groups, and relying on the tourism and the spread of new media, the epic of "Gesar" is finally better protected and passed on.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G122;I207.22

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