傅山诗文批评研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 12:31

【摘要】：明末清初天崩地解的历史变局及其产生的遗民现象具有重要的解读意义与价值。傅山作为遗民群体的代表,其遭际与身份转换尤为典型,而这些并且直接影响到了傅山诗文批评的理念与修辞。本文从傅山的文士身份出发,着重揭示文人傅山的遗民旨趣与名士风范,凸出其在侨民心态影响下的种种似是而非、难以索解的批评话语,以期接近更真实的傅山的历史世界。绪论部分主要阐述论文选题缘起及当下学界对以傅山为代表之北学的研究现状,重点揭示出傅山作为遗民士大夫的特殊性,他的文士风味与异端气质与传统遗民研究对象的差异,并进而影响到其诗文批评理论的建树。第一章由晚明的整体学术生态入手,着重分析晚明以讫清初特定的社会背景和时代心理,并以此探究晚明思潮的重奇尚异之风与夫对缘情绮靡文学传统的承继以及在清初严酷政治生态逼hZ下批评修辞的转圜这一整体文学史进程。同时,从文学研究的内在理路着眼,着重把握傅山批评修辞之下审美底色的一贯性,即其所标举的美学范式如“拙”“淡”“真”有着怎样的时代性和地域性意义。另外,本文将通过一系列文献的释读,着力揭示并还原出一个矛盾者傅山。这个傅山最明显的特征是通过张裂的话语系统来构筑修辞,寄寓真性情于谬悠之说、荒唐之言、无端崖之辞中。不揭示出这个傅山,是不足以显示傅山,以及以傅山为代表的遗民群体的全人格的。第二章试图把握遗民群体整体的诗文观念,并在此基础上对傅山的诗文批评作管窥蠡测。遗民士大夫因了志士身份的操持,故普遍倾向于对文以载道的古典价值的复归。将文章创作提升到气节之大的高度,而时代的特殊性——经世之思的学术精神的复归又使得他们显示出普遍的兼容并包的豪杰气,故这时遗民群体往往致力于文人之文与志士之文的辨析,彰显出空所依傍,堂庑阔大的为学蕲向。尤其值得注意的是,此时身份整合的艰难使得他们频频陷入身份确认的尴尬处境,于是普遍表现出一种戾气,其直接影响是批评修辞上每每展现出前后矛盾与似是而非。这种张裂背后是遗民群体侨民心态的生动体现。第三章阐述傅山的诗歌批评。其诗歌批评与文章批评显示出一贯的特点,即对真性情的标揭贯穿始终,由此傅山心向陆机《文赋》,显示出对魏晋六朝文学自觉时代重情缘性批评传统的承续。而“专向自己心地上作老实话”又几乎完全是晚明式的,泰州式的。作为主观之诗人与客观之诗人的统一,傅山的诗歌批评讲求情、气、才与“外之触磕”的有机结合。关于诗法,他提出“法本法无法”,既强调大法不私,上根不窃,又对津津焉以法自固的庸俗复古主义作风表达最强烈的蔑弃,从而展现出萧然物外、自得天机的为学气质。第四章阐发傅山的文章观念。本章从傅山文论之渊薮《序西北之文》入手,着重探究“奇”之为文在清初的人文环境中是怎样走向深化的。对惯常审美习惯的颠覆与文字表达中的颉滑是怎样在体现傅山深刻的侨民心态的同时展现其对古典文章审美价值的峻切操持的。相应的,因了他的志士身份,保存故邦文献的自觉使得他赋予文章创作以更大的意义,“存续吾家文种”则是他绝不妥协、绝不宽宥的思想的极致,“文种”在这里直是傅山终身操持之大法的指称了。馀论从同时代书家王铎的诗文批评著作《文丹》说起,通过与傅山一系列批评修辞的比较,泛论从晚明以来的奇文观念在清初的澜洄,并进而探究“极神奇即是极中庸”这一古老哲学命题所包蕴的在文章学风轨法度阐释实践上之意义。
[Abstract]:Fu Shan, as a representative of the group of survivors, is particularly typical of the transformation of circumstances and identities, which directly affects the concept and rhetoric of Fu Shan's poetic criticism. This paper starts from Fu Shan's literati identity and focuses on revealing the literati. Fu Shan's deceased people's interest and famous scholar's demeanor highlight his specious and difficult-to-understand criticism under the influence of overseas Chinese mentality in order to approach the more real historical world of Fu Shan. The introduction mainly elaborates the origin of the thesis and the current academic research on the North Learning represented by Fu Shan, with emphasis on revealing Fu Shan as a legacy. The particularity of the literati and officialdom, the difference between his scholarly flavor and heresy and the research object of the traditional survivors, and then influence the construction of his poetic criticism theory. Chapter one starts with the overall academic ecology of the late Ming Dynasty, and focuses on the analysis of the specific social background and the psychology of the times in the late Ming Dynasty to criticize the early Qing Dynasty, and explores the singularity of the ideological trend in the late Ming Dynasty. At the same time, from the point of view of the internal theory of literary research, this paper emphasizes the consistency of the aesthetic background under Fu Shan's critical rhetoric, that is, his aesthetic paradigm such as "clumsy", "light" and "light". What is the epochal and regional significance of "truth"? In addition, this paper will try to reveal and restore a contradictor, Fu Shan, through a series of literary interpretations. The most obvious feature of Fu Shan is that he constructs rhetoric by means of Zhang Jie's discourse system, embodying the true temperament in the absurd, the absurd, the unprovoked cliff. Fu Shan is not enough to show the whole personality of Fu Shan and the group of the survivors represented by Fu Shan. Chapter 2 tries to grasp the whole concept of poetry and prose of the survivors, and on this basis to make a peep at Fu Shan's poetic criticism. Gui. To elevate the creation of articles to a high degree of integrity, and the return of the special characteristics of the times - the academic spirit of thinking of the world makes them show a universal and inclusive heroism, so at this time the group of survivors often devoted themselves to the literary and aspiring scholars of the text of the discrimination, showing the empty place to rely on, the magnificent for the study. It is worth noting that the difficulty of identity integration at this time makes them fall into the embarrassing situation of identity recognition frequently, so they generally show a kind of hostility. Its direct impact is that the rhetoric of criticism always shows contradictions and paradoxes. Behind this split is a vivid reflection of the mentality of the group of the survivors. Chapter Three expounds Fu Shan's poetry. His poetic criticism and essay criticism show a consistent feature, that is, the exposition of the true temperament runs through the whole process, thus Fu Shanxinxiang Lu Ji < Wenfu > shows the continuation of the tradition of empathy-based criticism in the conscious era of literature in the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. As the unity of subjective poet and objective poet, Fu Shan's poetic criticism stresses emotion and spirit, which is the organic combination of "external touch". Chapter Four expounds Fu Shan's concept of writing. Starting from the origin of Fu Shan's literary theory, this chapter mainly explores how the "strange" style of writing deepened in the early Qing humanistic environment. How the subversion of the habitual aesthetic habits and the slippery expression of the characters reflected Fu Shanshen Correspondingly, because of his ideological status as a scholar, and his consciousness of preserving the literature of his native country, he endowed the creation of the article with greater significance. To preserve our family culture is the extreme of his uncompromising and never lenient thought, and "the genre of literature" is the follower here. The last part begins with Wang Duo's poem criticism work Wendan, and compares it with Fu Shan's series of criticism rhetoric to generalize the outlandish writing concept since late Ming Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty, and then explores the philosophical proposition that "the extreme magic is the golden mean" contained in the ancient philosophical proposition. The law of wind speed explains the practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I206.2

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