七言律诗节奏、句法、结构新论

发布时间：2018-11-12 19:00

【摘要】：有关七言诗艺术特征的讨论通常是从与五言诗比较的角度展开的。五言加上两字,究竟引起了何种不同的审美效果,这似乎是古今批评家最为关注的问题。本文运用文学细读和语言学分析方法,在节奏、句法、结构三个不同层次上对此课题进行较为深入的研究。在节奏层次上,七律所增二字的点化作用在于创造了崭新的4+3韵律节奏,同时又把五言的2+3节奏扩充为2+2+3节奏。所增二字的点化作用延伸到句法的层次,崭新的复合题评句以及表示因果、虚拟等复杂关系的主谓复句便应运而生了。同时,随着这两大类基本句型不断扩充,律诗中引入更多的散文句,并衍生出七律中特有的各种拗句。这种点化所引起的"连锁反应"最后出现在结构的层次之上。律诗起承转合属于一种二元结构和叠加结构混合体,但诗人又可妙用句式来减少或增加四联之间的缝隙,从而将其分别改造为序列结构和断裂结构。节奏、句法、结构多样化的创新造就了七律"言灵变而意深远"的诗境。
[Abstract]:The discussion about the artistic characteristics of seven-character poems is usually carried out from the angle of comparison with five-character poems. Five characters plus two words, exactly what kind of different aesthetic effect, this seems to be the most concerned by critics of ancient and modern issues. Based on the methods of literature reading and linguistic analysis, this paper makes a deep research on this subject at three different levels: rhythm, syntax and structure. At the level of rhythm, the function of adding two characters in seven law firms lies in the creation of a new 43 rhythm, and at the same time, the expansion of the 2 3 rhythm of the five characters to the 2 23 rhythm. The dot effect of the added two words extends to the syntactic level, and the new complex sentence with complex relation, such as the complex relation such as causality, fictitious and so on, emerges as the times require. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of these two basic sentence patterns, more prose sentences are introduced into the legal poems, and various recalcitrant sentences are derived from the seven laws. The chain reaction caused by this point finally appears at the structure level. It belongs to a mixture of dual structure and superposition structure, but the poet can use sentence structure to reduce or increase the gap between the four lines, and then transform it into sequence structure and fracture structure respectively. The innovation of rhythm, syntax and structure has created the poetic conception of the seven laws.
【作者单位】：美国伊利诺伊州立大学香槟校区东亚语言文化系及比较文学系;
【基金】：香港研究资助局优配研究金的资助(LU13400014)
【分类号】：I207.22

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