论六朝碑文的骈化及其艺术特质

发布时间：2019-01-12 12:50

【摘要】：东汉刻碑之举的盛行,突出了碑的独特社会功能,由此逐渐形成相对固定的外在载体形制和文本表达方式,并"因器立名",即沿习器物之名而确立文体名称,从而约定俗成,被时代和群体所接受。尽管当时的很多碑文仍然摆脱不了颂体的影响,或以"颂"为题,或体同雅颂,但碑文已经独立成为一种文体。六朝时期的碑文创作在蔡邕骈语雅润的基础上又有了很大的推进,不论是外在样式还是文本内容,都已基本涵盖后世的所有种类,并取得了独特的艺术成就。相对散体碑文,六朝骈体碑文更能发扬以形容为主的特质。到了明清时期,碑序与史传的界限开始变得模糊,所以碑文批评逐渐以叙事为正宗,或崇正抑变,或主变存正,但都倾向于将碑文视作史传类的叙事文体。他们都有意或无意地忽略了六朝是一个叙事文体相对边缘的时代。再加之六朝碑文中的叙述部分在被后来《艺文类聚》等类书收录时多有删节,叙事显得更为不够清晰生动。明清碑文批评以今律古,严分正变,无疑影响了对六朝碑文客观公正的评价。
[Abstract]:The prevalence of the inscription of the Eastern Han Dynasty highlighted the unique social function of the tablet, and gradually formed a relatively fixed external carrier form and text expression, and "because of the name of the device", that is, along the name of the utensils and the establishment of the stylistic name, so as to become a custom. Accepted by times and groups. Although many inscriptions at that time still can not get rid of the influence of eulogy, or "Song" as the title, or the same style, but the inscription has become an independent style. On the basis of Cai Yong's Yalun language, the creation of inscriptions in the six dynasties period has been greatly promoted. Both the external style and the text content have basically covered all kinds of later generations, and have achieved unique artistic achievements. Compared with prose inscriptions, the six dynasties parallel inscriptions can carry forward the characteristics of description. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the boundary between the preface of the tablet and the historical biography began to become blurred, so the criticism of the inscription gradually took narrative as authentic, or worshipped the correct change, or the main change existed, but they tended to regard the inscription as the narrative style of the historical biography. They either intentionally or unconsciously neglected that the six dynasties were an era of relatively marginal narrative style. In addition, the narrative part of the inscription of the six dynasties is more abridged when it is included in the later "gathering of Arts", so the narration is not clear and vivid enough. The criticism of inscriptions in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the ancient law and strict division, undoubtedly affected the objective and fair evaluation of the inscriptions in the six dynasties.
【作者单位】：河南师范大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目(11CZW026)
【分类号】：I206.2

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