六西格玛管理预防护士针刺伤的研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 05:28

本文关键词： 六西格玛管理针刺伤职业防护意识　出处：《河南科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：背景:针刺伤是指由医疗利器造成的刺伤、划伤等,如注射器针头、缝合针等刺破皮肤或者造成皮肤深层受伤出血,有可能引起感染性疾病的发生,给护士带来的不仅仅是无法磨灭的身心伤害,还给护士的家庭带来严重的经济负担。本研究针刺伤是指病房护士采用注射器针头和静脉穿刺针进行的相关操作。六西格玛质量管理法是1987年由乔治·费雪(George Fisher)发明的,源于制造业的质量管理,是质量管理工具演进的产物,是企业及医疗机构进行管理实践的理论指导。六西格玛管理法主要包括定义、测量、分析、改进和控制五个阶段,重点是将所有的工作作为一种流程,采用量化的方法,分析流程中影响质量最关键的因素并加以改进,从而达到更好的效果。目的:本研究通过六西格玛管理法,测量医院护士针刺伤的发生现状,探讨影响护士发生针刺伤的因素,调查护士职业防护知识知晓情况,了解本院护士发生针刺伤后的心理状态,采取改进措施以降低护士的针刺伤发生率。方法:采用调查问卷方式,通过对河南科技大学第一附属医院护士针刺伤情况的调查,选取针刺伤发生率高的4个科室,随机分为干预组和对照组两组。干预组60名护士于2013年实施六西格玛管理方法进行干预,对照组61名护士于2013年进行传统护理管理。两组2012年的针刺伤例数及人数等没有显著性差异。本研究运用Minitab软件进行数据的统计分析,采用头脑风暴、因果图等管理工具进行分析。结果:研究结果显示医院护士的针刺伤发生率处于较高水平,对护士的身心健康造成极大的威胁;护士的职业防护意识薄弱;针刺伤后的心理压力无法缓解。对照组应用传统的管理方法2012年针刺伤的西格玛水平(Z值)为3.30;2013年西格玛水平(Z值)增加到3.61,改进效果不明显;干预组2012年针刺伤的西格玛水平(Z值)为3.33;2013年经六西格玛管理后西格玛水平(Z值)增加到4.43,改进成效显著。结论:2013年干预组经过六西格玛管理后针刺伤人数及例数显著下降,防护知识知晓率增加,护士的职业防护意识提高,针刺伤后的心理状态也有所好转。六西格玛管理法能够有效降低护士针刺伤发生率,效果明显高于传统的管理方法。
[Abstract]:Background: needle stab injury is a stab wound or scratch injury caused by a medical instrument, such as syringe needle, stitching needle and so on, which may lead to the occurrence of infectious diseases. It's not just the indelible physical and mental damage that's been done to the nurses. This study refers to the use of syringe needles and venipuncture needles by nurses in the ward. The six Sigma method of quality management was carried out by George fee in 1987. Snow (. George Fisher. The quality management originated from the manufacturing industry is the product of the evolution of the quality management tools and the theoretical guidance of the management practice of enterprises and medical institutions. The six Sigma management method mainly includes definition measurement and analysis. The five phases of improvement and control focus on all work as a process, using a quantitative approach to analyze and improve the most critical factors affecting quality in the process. In order to achieve better results. Objective: this study through the six Sigma management method, measured the hospital nurses needle stab injury of the status quo, to explore the factors affecting the occurrence of needle puncture. To investigate the knowledge of nurses' occupational protection, to understand the psychological state of nurses after needle puncture, and to take measures to reduce the incidence of needling injuries. Methods: questionnaire was used. Based on the investigation of needling injuries among nurses in the first affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 4 departments with high incidence of needling injuries were selected. 60 nurses in the intervention group were treated with six Sigma management method in 2013. In 2013, 61 nurses in the control group received traditional nursing management. There was no significant difference in the number and number of acupuncture injuries between the two groups on 2012. The statistical score of the data was obtained by using Minitab software in this study. Analysis. Results: the results showed that the incidence of needling injuries of nurses in hospitals was at a high level, which posed a great threat to the physical and mental health of nurses. Nurses' awareness of occupational protection is weak; The psychological pressure after acupuncture injury could not be alleviated. In the control group, the sigma level Z value of acupuncture wound in 2012 was 3.30 using the traditional management method. In 2013, the sigma level Z value increased to 3.61, and the improvement effect was not obvious. On 2012, the sigma level of intervention group was 3.33; In 2013, the sigma level increased to 4.43 after six Sigma management, and the improvement was remarkable. Conclusion: after six Sigma management, the number of needling injuries and the number of cases in the intervention group decreased significantly in 2013. The awareness rate of protection knowledge increased, the occupational protection consciousness of nurses improved, and the psychological state of nurses after acupuncture was improved. Six Sigma management method can effectively reduce the incidence of needling injuries of nurses. The effect is obviously higher than the traditional management method.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R47

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